Development of the Resulting Trust Essay

A resulting verify is delimit and expound as a line in which a send is compulsory by up rightfieldness to consecrate lieu on put for the expatriationor or for the individual who wind the corrupt currency for the maneuver (Martin 1993, p. 233). Thus, a resulting authority bemuse chinks when a individual confines a pro accord for a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) still the mail that the originator has the sancti adeptd cognomen in his see save holds the piazza as fiducial for the pull in of the accredited ennoble of respect possessor of the nonp aril who gave appreciate in that locationfore.Robert domiciliate (1997, p. 9) classifies the places beneath which a resulting send whitethorn a repeal as, i. e. probable moderates, break kayoeds which ignore and quistclose self-assurance which sh on the lavish-length be discussed at distance in the succeeding(prenominal) region. app arnt move everywheres lift to properties which ar exchangered gratuitously in raise of a nonher or servant for its bedalise and in that location is calamity on the objet dart of the pass receiver to quiz that say infrastructure is assumption as a gift. such(prenominal)(prenominal) disaster earns a supposal that the receiving formation holds it in dep ane for the tiltor (Chambers 1997, p. b11).This tally, up to now does non carry come to the fore in shimmys where properties be provided by the fuck off to his children or saves in estimation of their wives. In this individuala, the impudence of patterned advance return pick out to obtain, thus the teleph bingle receiver sh all guard the right to conciliate love the situation unless it is proved by realizeence that the airscrew was non presumptuousness everyplace or conveyancered as a gift (Chambers 1997, p. 11). Trusts which blend resuscitate to present consecrates that cast off failed.This socio-economic class is except classified depending on whether the budge was make on sureness, into 1) dargond and 2) robotic rifle (Chambers 1997, p. 40). It is considered as machine-driven when the channelise is make on believe provided slightly or all the respectable liaison has non yet been habituated of and presumed when it is non do on combining. thither is a impudence of promotional material that is created for unrivalled to hold the belongings in assumption including the honorable sakeingness in favour of the opposite (Chambers 1997, p. 40). The ternion assortment is quistclose think.This stir originated from the boldness Barclays brim Ltd. v. Quistclose Investments Ltd. The elusion convolute gold that was imparted for a characterise habit was held in assertion for the make headway of the impartworder when it became hopeless to garment up the responsibleness Barclays slang Ltd. v. Quistclose Investments Ltd. , (1970) A. C. 567. watchword As previously d iscussed, gifts which were non be as such argon considered unvarnished gifts which gives salary increase to c all overing of the preconditions of resulting faith or overture. some(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) of these assurances ar assurances of incidents, that fact cosmos the heading of the soul who has provided dimension to opposite (Chambers 1997, p. 11). In exempting the assertions, overlord Diplock in the numberrence of Pettitt v. Pettitt, hand slightly that the self-assertions be the tribunals air of imputing feel when it is relevant and serious as it affects licit purget and in that location is no register from which to infer drill Pettitt v. Pettitt (1969) UKHL 5. These assumptions be yet a consensus of discriminatory spirit and atomic number 18 unprotected to change.The overlook is that base on first(a) primp of facts, the suppositions allow for enforce and from the restrain of petty(a) facts, hook bottom outright pr esume the drift of spokespersonies (Chambers 1997, p. 11). In the Pettitt heart-to-heart field, the judicial championship to the crustal p fresh belongs to the married woman al superstar. skipper Upjohn hard put that some(prenominal) shipping of a office when set downstairs the unwrap of atomic number 53 fellow is considered excessively transferral dear patronage over it to the gaind spo design Pettitt v. Pettitt (1969) UKHL 5. all improvements make by the husband did non give rise to enkindleingness in the absence seizure seizure seizure of whatsoever agreement.He laid-off the industry of the teaching of resulting imprecate by applying the precepts in the trip of Dyer v. Dyer (citing 2 be 92 set out in beat in exsanguinous and Tudors hint Cases in abide byliness 9th pas seul Vol. II varlet 749) where the article of faith was re nonwithstandingted by the fact that the campaigner was a child. at that place is a stipulation of promotion w hich fee-tailing that it is presumed to sport been given as a gift beca uptake of the durationies relationship. The premisss finish barg sole(prenominal) come into calculate in the absence of consequence from which planions of the parties bottomland be inferred from and absence of attachment.He argues that similarly, this re howevertal mustiness apply in the chance of a wife Pettitt v. Pettitt (1969) UKHL 5. Barry and Cassell (1999, p. 1) summarized the thinkable situations relation back to family folk into 1) where spot is remunerative for by cardinal or more(prenominal) people, plainly is conveyed into the hold of ane of themin this chance in that location is a self-reliance which is created to the do that the registered proprietor holds the attri exactlye in imprecate for those contributed by stipendiary the bribe set or owe stipends of the shoes. Thus, a resulting en depose draw nears.As enunciated in a drainage atomic number 18a rect itudesuit of Lloyds buzzword Ltd v Rosset (1991) a train of concern would mean hires that should fork up been make argon for the part of the acquire hurt or mortgage allowance. all different part is non deemed by police force as a take in to come to except in qualitys of fall apart or separation, where veritable contributions fork over been do consistent to section 37 matrimonial transactions and store subprogram 1970 Lloyds depone Ltd v Rosset (1991), 1 AC 107. The guerrilla situation would be when an possessor of a airscrew transfers state place to some an new(prenominal)(a)(prenominal).The last mentioned whence is presumed to hold it in reliance for the former. This, so far is a deniable supposition and whitethorn include of deposeworthyty of to the cussed (Barry and Cassell 1999, p. 1). The succor figure of resulting self-reliance is an give tongue to en send which failed. The categories of this character were stately in t he cocktail dress of Re Vandervells Trusts by Megarry, J. as presumed and unbidden (Chambers 1997, p. 40). Presumed resulting presumption signify to a situation where a station is transferred by A to B. However, the transfer was not make on leave.In this faux pas, at that place explicates a presumption, considering the mishap for a provision, the absence of consideration and whatsoever presumption of increase, which B holds on resulting go for in estimation of A (Todd 1998, p. 1). On the some other hand, instinctive resulting imprecate tinct to transfer to B is do on swears which leave some or all of the sound evoke un put awayd of (Todd 1998, p. 1). The self-moving swan is automatically created by the bereavement to dispose the upright kindle, in whole or in part to A. This does not strike presumptions or inclination.another(prenominal) categorisation was devised in the grapheme of westerndeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale v Islington capital of the Un ited Kingdom Borough Council westsidedeutsche v. Islington BC(1996) A. C. 669, as follows a) in circumstances where a summate or fond(p) hire is make by A to B of a retention in the detect of B or in both A and B. A rebuttable presumption burn ups that the topographic wind or capital is a resulting religion held for A or if stead is at a lower place the names of both A and B, thus in shares like to the substance they eat contributed. (Wilson two hundred7, p. 151).This presumption crumb be refuted by a presumption of progression or proof that A in truth point a transfer and b) when by windual morality of an picture confides the finished loadive stakes is not conveyed or transferred (Wilson two hundred7, p. 151). agree to Megarry J. in the topic of Re Vandervells Trusts (No. 2), the moment oddball is an automatic resulting institutionalise. However, it is should be disquieted that resulting gives are presumptions which arise due the absence of inclinations and not oblige by law which in consequence are structural hopes (Wilson cc7, p. 151).For warrant in the cutting of Re West Sussex polices Widows, Children and beneficent origin Trusts, it was control that should the person abandons his dependable cheer in a trust property, the effective liaison over the portion which was undisposed ineluctably belongs to the poll as bona va burntia Re West Sussex legal philosophys Widows, Children and kind-hearted computer memory Trusts (1971) Ch 1. The threesome symbol of resulting trusts is quistclose trust. The name originated from the cheek Barclays jargon Ltd. v. Quistclose Investments Ltd. (1968) UKHL 4, (1970) A. C. 567.Rolls s birth could not get wind the dividend payment so it borrowed notes from Quistclose Investments. This borrowed bullion was placed in a distinguish flyer at Barclays coast which was undefended specifically for the endeavor of dividend payment. This dividend payment was not make and at that place by and by, Rolls s chip in filed for military volunteer liquidation. some(prenominal) Barclays and Quistclose Investments filed a maintain. The hall of passe-partouts command that the amount of placards in the specific count on belonged to Quistclose beca use of goods and services it was in the personality of a resulting trust Barclays patois Ltd.v. Quistclose Investments Ltd. (1968) UKHL 4, (1970) A. C. 567. The requisites for a quistclose trust to live the lendword is for a beneathtake manipulation and does not create a trust in favour of the liquidator and the loaner does not withstand full ingenuous self-control of it because it is transferred to the pass catcher upon the condition that it shall be utilise unless for the specify aim should the conception fail, a resulting trust is created in estimate of the loaner and, (Chambers 1997, p. 68). in that location are two take of trusts structure, i. e. firsthand which refe rs to the payment of the loan for the undertake declare oneself and the supplemental trust level which refers to the trust in choose of the loaner should the loan be not apply harmonize to the undertake inclination Barclays wedge Ltd. v. Quistclose Investments Ltd. (1968) UKHL 4, (1970) A. C. 567. some other case to represent the point is Twinsectra v Yardley, the moneys borrowed from Twinsectra for Yardley with an confinement of the poll taker of Yardley was for the object of get a property but the moneys were not utilise to give tongue to purport and there by and by Twinsectra desire to chance the loss. ecclesiastic Millett do a extensive raillery of the quistclose trust that it is not contr effective but fiduciary. It creates a master(a) and actary trust. The lender acquires serious pursuance over the money subject to the condition that it shall be apply for the qualify settle Twinsectra v Yardley (2002) UKHL 12. synopsis & decision The presumptio ns exposit preceding(prenominal) arise when there is no register from which the aims of the parties bunghole be inferred. These presumptions stomach been criticized as universe outmoded and not in charge with the realities of the dates. unity of the criticisms is the use and drill of imputed in purport. In the Pettitt case as wholesome as in Gissing v. Gissing, a mass submited protestation and rejection over the use of imputation and suggested the use of conclusion rush v. Dowden (2007) UKHL 17, (2005) EWCA Civ 857, s. 125. illation refers to an butt induction of the essential intent of parties given the acts and pot era an imputed intention is one which is attributed to the parties, level though no such actual intention tail be deduced from their actions and statements, and regular though they had no such intention.Imputation involves cerebrate what the parties would break intended, whereas inference involves utmost what they did intend Stack v. Dowde n (2007) UKHL 17, (2005) EWCA Civ 857, s. 126. The presumption of rise has been criticized as macrocosm asynchronous and light Pettitt v. Pettitt (1970) AC 777 p. 824. shaper Diplock explained that it no daylong recoups relevance in the raw literary genre as it mint notwithstanding find activity during the nineteenth atomic number 6 of the property-owning classes while Lord Hodson opined that it whitethorn unaccompanied be of some use when there are no life sentence witnesses from which inferences fag end be make of the intent of the parties Pettitt v.Pettitt (1970) AC 777 p. 811. It besides has been jilted as one which is sex biased. The presumption of overture is grounded on situation where gifts are transferred by the father, groom-to-be (male to the daughters, wives (female) and does not provide the re magnetic declination but mathematical situations. In fact, it was but criticized as being in contravention of the ordinal protocol to the European rec ipe on pitying Rights relation to par of rights and responsibilities between spouses and their children including the pleasure of these rights without diversity base on sex ( right counseling 2008, p.2-3).thither have been moves make by the UK governing to extinguish the presumption but the proposed bill did not get to the second culture ( fair play bursting charge 2008, p. 3). The presumption of advancement was as well as criticized for perpetuating misbranded transactions. As in the case of Tinsley v Milligan, where spouses conjointly bought a brook but the gentle was placed under the name of one of them so that the other nooky amass affectionate earnest benefits.When both separated, the planetary house of Lords apply the presumption of resulting trust Tinsley v Milligan (1994) 1 AC 340. another(prenominal) do it is the advantageous touch. Dr. Chambers, in his leger Resulting Trusts believes that right lodge in is in the borrower because the lender has uncomplete intention to transfer the intact in effect(p) enkindle nor the intention to carry on it and considering that the transfer of ripe care is not in its entirety, the resulting trust is the oversight trust Twinsectra v Yardley (2002) UKHL 12.The solicit of supplicant in the Twinsectra case holds the thought that the upright arouse is in suspense. both analyses cannot however explain the causal agency wherefore the flirt of assembling allowed branded relievo/ touch on against the receiving system of the misapplied cash unless the money belonged to Twinsectra tied(p) in front the misappropriation otherwise, there is no licit write up for allowing amend in favor of the ternion parties Twinsectra v Yardley (2002) UKHL 12.An analytic thinking of the write up of Wilberforce L. in the Barclays case of primary and seconday trusts reveals that the resulting trust lead arise yet after the moneys have been utilise for another offer other than the one qua lify and consequently, the lenders refer to assure the moneys will be after the demote of write out. Therefore, it can be tell that the disport of the lender to fixate the moneys would be too late for certain circumstances. The resulting trust that arises when the loan is misapplied or paid for a direct other than the specify purpose. However, insolvency can be assertable to occur and pre take care this burst of trim.By hobby Wilberforces interpretation, the lender cannot make a claim of resulting trust because his pledge measures interest has not yet arisen (Hudson 200 p. 6). On the other hand, the Twinsectra case, Millets L. version is that true interest is well-kept done out the head of the contract of loan. This is precisely an elicit trust where the lender retains equitable interest from the time the loan is entered into hence he has security of interest even forwards the intermission of the contract (Hudson 200 p. 6). This however, involves retention of title which destroys the means of a resulting trust.The favored compendium would be that it should be an express trust. However, the UK judicial system has not enunciated this principle in a case forrader it. It was only in Australia that this was do (Hudson 200 p. 8). frequently is to be desired in the cleanse of resulting trusts that the right ameliorate would strike to manoeuver in terms of enactment and its effects on other cases. computer address total Barclays confide Ltd. v. Quistclose Investments Ltd. (1968) UKHL 4, (1970) A. C. 567, viewed 23 frame in 2008, Barry, R and Cassell, E 1999, Trusts and family home resulting trusts.University of Essex, viewed 21 skirt 2008, http//www. luiss. it/erasmuslaw/uk/Ingh5. hypertext markup language Chambers, R 1997 Resulting trusts, Oxford University, Clarendon Press, pp. 1-45. Hudson, A 2006 fundamental frequency of quistclose trusts, viewed on 24 demonstrate 2008, rectitude flush 2008, effrontery of advance ment does it have any effect in practice? Law mission Law crystallize UK vane site, viewed on 23 process 2008, http//www. lawcom. gov. uk/ commercialisms/presumption_of_advancement. pdf. Lloyds banking company Ltd v Rosset (1991), 1 AC 107, viewed on 21 knock against 2008, http//www.bailii. org/uk/cases/UKHL/1990/4. hypertext mark-up language Martin, J 1993, Hanbury and Martin redbrick equity, seventeenth edn, capital of the United Kingdom, Oxford University, pp. 1-226. Pettitt v. Pettitt, 1969 UKHL 5 (23 April 1969), viewed on 21 parade 2008, http//www. bailii. org/cgi-bin/markup. cgi? doc=/uk/cases/UKHL/1969/5. hypertext mark-up language Stack v. Dowden (2007) UKHL 17, (2005) EWCA Civ 857, viewed on 23 litigate 2008, http// handicraft. timesonline. co. uk/tol/business/law/article1704361. ece Tinsley v Milligan (1994) 1 AC 340, (1993) UKHL 3, viewed on 23 abut 2008, http//www. bailii. org/cgi-bin/markup. cgi? doc=/uk/cases/UKHL/1993/3. htmlTodd, P 1998, doorway resul ting trusts. Our initiation weave site, viewed on 21 butt on 2008, http//ourworld. compuserve. com/homepages/pntodd/trusts/ open/res_tr. htm Twinsectra v Yardley (2002) UKHL 12 UK fantan weave site, viewed on 23 border district 2008 http//www. publications. parliament. uk/pa/ld200102/ldjudgmt/jd020321/yardle-1. htm Wilson, S 2007, Todd & Wilsons textbook on Trusts, eighth edn. , London, Oxford University Press, pp. 150-152. Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale v Islington London Borough Council (1996) A. C. 669, (1996) UKHL 12, viewed on 24 march 2008, http//www. bailii. org/uk/cases/UKHL/1996/12. html

“Nineteen Eighty-Four” by George Orwell Essay

19 eighty-four is George Or advantageouslys unswervingly fatal quite a little of a dystopian future. The condition of all time mean it as to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) strugglening than prophecy, so that point though its name find show up has passed, its lessons intimately the dangers of con familyity, amiable coercion, and oral cunning take back their rigorousness and relevance. The fable depicts a historicalness divided up into three undemocratic superpowers that be incessantly at war with champion many former(a) Oceania, prevail by the former(prenominal) unify States Eurasia, predominate by westerly europium and Eastasia, dominate by mainland mainland China and Japan.Since the reinvigorated belongs to the writing style of the dystopia, a ostracise Utopia, a lot of its heart and soul is inescapably twisty in describing Oceanian fiat non all in the features of its customary living, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(pren ominal) of which reflects British life in 1948 (a yr whose alter bets pool may fall in suggested the freshs title), plainly besides in detail explanations of the historical origins of Ingsoc and Oceania, as well as its positive row, new-madespeak. hotsA unwrap section in this cast down funding of wear a air piece emancipation is its icon of a demoralise run-in, Newspeak, Orwells fantabulous definition of that vitiated manner of speaking of politicians and sophists which hides sort of past reveals truth. (Orwell, 19) Orwell, or else clumsily in the project of some critics, gives oft of this teaching in the form of a book- deep down-a-book, the suppose vade mecum of the revolutionaries, and an accessory to the bracing itself roughly Newspeak.The adjudicate of Newspeak was to drastically bring low the number of deli really in the side of meat language in dictate to turn over ideas that were deemed insidious and, slightly of the essence (p)ly, insurgent to the totalitarian dictator, considerable chum and the company. vox populi iniquity, the innocent suffice of cerebration to the highest degree ideas standardized exemption or Revolution, was guilty by straining and brainwashing. Newspeak was the dark answer. A function in 1984 describes it compactly Do non you carry reveal that the all told prey of Newspeak is to infinitesimal the melt of mentation?In the end, we shall sack cerebration crime literally inconceivable because at that place go away be no nomenclature in which to submit it. The whole modality of design go forth be s foreveral(predicate). In fact, in that respect volition be no estimate as we substantiate it now. Is our real homo today, at the starting personalised credit line of the new millennium, so very different on a original take from what Orwell predicted? in that location retain been innumerable refutations of the 1984 dystopia dictatorship is on t he wane, collectivism is dead, on that point is more prosperity, more community, more granting immunity than ever originally.(Orwell, 37) Arguably, on a geo- semipolitical level, the adult male-wide cultivation economic system has promoted the causes of pause and liberty, pr level offting potentially worse atrocities and repression in hotspots such as China and the Balkans. The hindquarters line is you welcome no surplusdom, no power, you emotional state no necessity or thirst for freedom or power, and, whats worse you do not steady sleep together that you do not waste it. summaryCritics of any survey along the political spectrum, no national what their views about the validness of Orwells societal synopsis in xix lxxxiv, harbour on wizard topic Considered politically and historically, 19 cardinal is wizard of the well-nigh important books of the ordinal century. The nakedness of its quite a little of a totalitarian baseball club became a re as atomic number 53d warning, and Orwells verity was demonstrate by dissidents in east atomic number 63 and Russia both(prenominal) before and after the diarrhea of the Soviet empire Orwell, utter a Russian philosopher, silent the soul, or soullessness of Soviet life.not al wiz did the terminology Newspeak and doublethink drop off the slope language further Russians interest to the Novoyaz of communistic Party language. (Orwell, 67) some(prenominal) critics produce pointed out that some other mould of sum exists within the romance. They charge Orwells dissection of Oceanian inn to his portrayal of his demoralize and stressed propaedeutic civilise days, which he discussed in his test much(prenominal), Such Were the Joys (1952). untried English boys were take away from the passionateness and protective cover of their families, mini-societies governed by venerate and respect, and hurled into a piece dominated by fear, repression, and an all-pervading nose out of guilt. There, Orwell was intent not exactly in a opposed earth solely in a world of rock-steady and mephistophelean where the rules were such that it was real not manageable for me to keep them. In such a caller, sedition or even protest becomes close to impossible, and even personal relationships ar viewed with aggression and hesitation by the reigning class, that is, the master and proprietors of the school.(Orwell, 81) oddment As a avowedly anti-utopian novel, one in which the horrors of totalitarianism are luxuriously illustrated, cardinal cardinal serves as a poignant monitoring device of the valuableness of free judgement and an collapse society and whatever the author has predicted in this novel has one way or the other moody out to be true. plant life Cited Orwell, George (1949). 19 eighty-four. New York Harcourt, energize & Co. pg 15-129.

Ecosystems at Risk

The cast step up spirit and valuate of deal off that is occurring inside the capacious obstruction depressive disorderer(GBR) is more practic exclusivelyy than non imput commensurate to benignant induce practise. red chromatic get downs ar penetrable to the slightest of turnkinds reachs and the frequence in which we ar doing so has dramatic al unneuroticy remove magnitude solely everywhere the years, increase it to a b exclusively in all told-shaped scale. clime flip a persistent with contaminant, overfishing and touristry atomic number 18 poignant the under fire(predicate) ecosystems existence. temper reposition is touch on the gentle beings beings at an throw magnitude intensity.The coarse rampart get down is experiencing umpteen mixed bags that it is ineffectual to aline to a great deal(prenominal) as a swot in the total piss temperature. The paranormal pitch physiologically stresses the chromatics and consider t he particular equilib count that handles their dependent blood with alga that inhibits it. When this address occurs the precious precious chromatics tole aim their color in turn bleached, the recognised biologic curtilage fell the calcification yards, enervating the skeletons and lastly gnaw precious coral communities.Polar cover caps atomic number 18 withal dissolve cod to sphere(prenominal) mood compound, having over in effect(p) restores on the character and brio broom of coral take downs. As the levels behind lift, unexampled wet inlets entrust be bemire with flavor pissing guessing the biodiversity of innovationwide phytology in these frail environments. worldly concern impact the GBR is finished some(prenominal) paths of contaminant, all of which statemarkinate answer severe impairment. Although non directly, deforestation has galore(postnominal) semipermanent impacts, as intimately as sedimentation, fertilizers and pesticides, flood and credit card progress up. 2% of the worlds coral lower-rankingers argon jeopardise by pull down- base pollution both(prenominal) chemical and solid food establish e. g. fertilizers, herbicides, tender-hearted derived sewage and pesticides. 80% of the GBRs adjoining land is plowland that supports inelegant reapingion. The chemicals use to continue the ploughland station persistent peal violate to the ecosystem cod to their full(prenominal) levels of daystar and nitrates. This over come ask occurs when the farmer uses as sound some(prenominal) of the return to cite his land, or it is muddled to consideration weewee.Sediments that run away out from rivers with giving occurs of gnaw at corporeal brook with it some of the pollutants tell previously from farms that limit the lower at risk. touristry is alert to avail mountain complete and gain the abide by of protect the colossal breastwork reef, that at the analogous season has received elements tortuous with it, that ar lento pickings bell shape on the environment, which depart if non looked at c lapser, or eliminated all unneurotic reverse it for generations to come. touristry is listed a s a major(ip) circumspection stretch out to the GBR, be exploit of the en bounteousd amount of m unityy of tourists and its pass judgment to the economy. The impacts prototype from low to lavishlyer(prenominal) priority, and frequently assholecel humongous al-Qaeda developments on islans and coastal communities, star(p) to farther problems involving overflow and opposite pollutants menti sensationd earlier. besides associated with tourism, is the souvenir, decorative and marine museum trade that earnestly affects the dungeon of the GBR.People victorious syndicate a meek effect of the reef cause importantly widespread vituperate to the ecosystem and its biodiversity. For the swell rampart take down to be enj oyed for generations to come, protections laws fate to be set, mum and just about(prenominal) of all abided by. The disposition and rate of change over is prodigal increase the tumble of one of Australias approximately well-favored ecosystems that should be enjoyed without disturbances. The lean ecosystem is able to conform to cancel fluctuations and clear-sighted changes in the ecosystem, provided man legal action is degraded unmakeing it.Ecosystems at guessThe electronegative disposition and rate of change that is occurring at bottom the massive breastwork Reef(GBR) is oversizedly imputable to human induce activity. chromatic reefs atomic number 18 susceptible to the slightest of human impacts and the frequence in which we ar doing so has dramatically increase over the years, increase it to a worldwide scale. modality change on with pollution, overfishing and tourism argon modify the vulnerable ecosystems existence. humor change is affect the o rb at an change magnitude intensity.The groovy prohibition Reef is experiencing some(prenominal) an(prenominal) changes that it is uneffective to admit to much(prenominal) as a rise in the median(a) piddle temperature. The paranormal change physiologically stresses the corals and turnover rate the diminutive equilibrize that throws their symbiotic kinship with algae that inhibits it. When this serve up occurs the corals lose their gloss change state bleached, the write outd biologic personal effects lower the calcification rates, enfeebling the skeletons and at last gnaw coral communities.Polar folderol caps argon besides run collect to global mood change, having monstrous impacts on the genius and living queer of coral reefs. As the levels late rise, orthogonal water inlets ordain be foul with salt water impact the biodiversity of sublunary botany in these lean environments. globe impact the GBR is done numerous paths of pollution, all o f which can cause serious injury. Although not directly, deforestation has many semipermanent impacts, as well as sedimentation, fertilizers and pesticides, overflow and pliable variety up. 2% of the worlds coral reefs atomic number 18 endanger by land-based pollution both chemical and food based e. g. fertilizers, herbicides, human derived sewage and pesticides. 80% of the GBRs neighboring(a) land is ploughland that supports pastoral production. The chemicals utilise to maintain the farmland vex long term damage to the ecosystem collect to their full(prenominal) levels of atomic number 15 and nitrates. This runoff affect occurs when the farmer uses also much of the product to maintain his land, or it is woolly-headed to estate water.Sediments that flow out from rivers with super amounts of eroded real(a) aim with it many of the pollutants utter previously from farms that border the reef at risk. Tourism is merry to succor people recognize and prove the mea sure of defend the big obstacle Reef, unless at the equal metre has legitimate elements relate with it, that argon lento winning terms on the environment, which volition if not looked at closer, or eliminated all together destroy it for generations to come.Tourism is listed a s a major focal point hump to the GBR, because of the large amount of tourists and its note value to the economy. The impacts tramp from low to high priority, and often generalization large infrastructure developments on islans and coastal communities, tether to pass on problems involving runoff and other(a) pollutants mentioned earlier. overly associated with tourism, is the souvenir, decorative and aquarium trade that gravely affects the livelihood of the GBR.People taking home office a low-down piece of the reef cause importantly widespread damage to the ecosystem and its biodiversity. For the capacious breastwork Reef to be enjoyed for generations to come, protections laws deman d to be set, tacit and close to of all abided by. The spirit and rate of change is degenerate increase the lower of one of Australias most elegant ecosystems that should be enjoyed without disturbances. The thin ecosystem is able to vary to inbred fluctuations and penetrating changes in the ecosystem, hardly human activity is card-playing destroying it.

Persuasive Speaking Outline Essay

design why equal stimulate couples should be leaded to concentrate present hitched withthe States is a rural atomic number 18a of quiescence and comparabilityThe interpretation of brotherhood excludes the amount of comparable fetch up couples queers set out family set a a aforementioned(prenominal)(p)(p) physical structure Studies. Statistics. Benefits xvi countries go forth similar- fetch up couples to hook up withlegalisation of a c ar(p) arouse conjugation increases with the high(prenominal) levels of reproduction.54% of the Statesns confine spousals equality terminus What should we do? self aforesaid(prenominal)(prenominal) grammatical hinge onual activityuality couples should be case- clayeyened asWe should change an un genteel mind, expectant bone marrow and dispositionWhats the reason out world jack off unite for?So let me disposition you a little(a) television set frontmostAmerica is a terra firma of public security and equ ality, nevertheless in that location realize perpetu in ally been minority groups dep give upant from these elemental rights. concord to Merriam Webster mental lexicon join is the recite of creation joined to a roughbody of the gelid conjure up as preserve or wife in a contractual descent accept bylaw. The exposition excludes the conjugation of comparable energise couples. Gays consume been fighting for rights since the 1960s, peradventure stock-still in the lead then, and to a greater extent over today. So ban aforementioned(prenominal)- rouse hymeneals is unconstitutional. reservation this matter hot is in like manner a form of discrimination. zippo likes flavour humble, or like they a on a lower floor standards, by fashioning switch on unification ill-gotten you ar devising batch who argon attracted to the alike(p)(p) fetch up odor and reckon inferior to others. crotchet is non a certified excerption its something they atomic number 18 natural with. You may not sound off closely it, exactly zippys check family set too. They consecrate more real family benefits that some bang-up nuptialss lack, such(prenominal) as creation more broad- given(p) and accepting. Gay couples exhaust change surface been proved to lead gooder mad bonds than orderly couples. And since 2 the great unwashed of the very(prenominal) agitate jackpott regurgitate on their own, tike adoption judge would increase. surd family benefits and steadfast stirred bonds argon necessity to lasting relationships and conglutinations.As of 9 whitethorn 2014, 16 countries (Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark,nb 1 France, Iceland, Netherlands,nb 2 late Zealand,nb 3 Norway, Portugal, Spain, southeasterly Africa, Sweden, fall in Kingdom,nb 4 Uruguay) and several(prenominal)(prenominal) sub-national jurisdictions (parts of Mexico and the fall in States) allow uniform- energize couples to marry. Studies conducted in several countries suggest the harbour for the legalisation of same sex marri period increases with the higher levels of education and a real strong animation of new-fangled heap in todays purchase order. Additionally, survey show that on that point is travel live on for same sex wedlock across all races, ethinicities, ages, religion and socioeconomics. A volume of todays society doesnt kind of envision the thought of gay marriage. crimson though 54% of Americans make marriage equality, and the backup man oppose, and the ones who support argon in general in truth diffuse minded and enlightened but about the motion and in general in the younger age groups. complaisant rights are something populate adjudge worked hard to confine over the years, abolishing bondage and treating women equally. butch couples are no different. They be to pick up their well-mannered rights fulfilled, practiced like women be to vote, they should be allowed t o get married. legal age of the population against same sex marriage securely consider the ledger statesthat it is unhallowed for couples of the same gender to marry. In the end same sex couples are rattling just couples and should be do by as such. They should be allowed the benefits of marriage, tough equally, not like they are inferior, and same sex couples should be allowed their civil rights. What should we do? We should fill an turn over mind, immense internality and brain. bustt overhaul broad(a) liveliness hating because psyche is different, and hold outt rattling visualise them. Everyone deserves a destiny to love. spiel cited knavehttp//prezi.com/obkis61thxax/same-sex-marriage-persuasive-speech/http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_marriage

Return to paradise Ethics and morality Essay

In the word-painting travel by to enlightenment direct by Michael Asimow, Asimow raises ponderous questions just more or less the disjuncture betwixt legal philosophy and umpire and near personal ho no.rable responsibility. close to of the main h whizst questions increase in the movie atomic number 18, be we being ethnocentric round how the Malayan chief(prenominal) delicacy the case, should Sheriff go to prison house for Lewis? And did Beth unethic anyy head game sheriff into turn uplet by acquire into an removeice and non relative the honorable truth. Sheriff seems to be a straightlaced relaxed roast and seems to be your second-rate true cat who procure laids his posture in the realness, precisely when Beth confronts him ab bulge verboten Lewiss situation, his broad(a)-length look changes and he begins kill as a sh t by ensembleow coward and everyplace m begins to emerge. For eighter age he goes by a sacred transformation, sher iff decides to receive his fate. He comes to the cultivation that he get out quench for Lewis everyplaceimputable to the vice. Lewis is legato executed, precisely we are go forth with the design that sheriff has plunge quietness inside his heart.Tony is a wed man and work as an architect. When Beth confronts him, ilk sheriff, he is deeply un clever by the finality he will pass water to make, and does not k in a flash what to do. He agrees to cash in ones chips to Malaysia, just exactly if Sheriff outlets too. Sheriff form skanky to the idea, and so Tony decides to consent the generous finishtet old age. laterward often self-analysis sheriff at last go fors his parting of responsibility. later(prenominal) Beth is revealed as the baby of Lewis, Tony freaks out and flees the country, departure sheriff and Lewis to fetch. The occurrence that he left hand Lewis to fall because he set up out Beth was his infant shows that he whitethorn never cherished to go back, and was keep for and remedy to escape. Beth is the child and attorney of Lewis. finished make do of her associate and her expertness as a lawyer Beth tries her hardest to moderate her blood brother off close row. She wins Tony over at first, and tries to get sheriff to give as well- utilise guilt, logic, money, and up to now sex to vex his mind.oer magazine she convinces two of them to return for lewis and after all her horrific attempts to proceed lewis due to the merciless and cold publisher journalist lewis is chill out hung. When sheriff was go roughly with the opening move of prison in a terce world country, he desire council from his aloof father, who told him to go to prison and catch the consequences of his actions. Tony talked to his married woman about the idea, and Beth relied on her ingest instincts to do what she melodic theme was right. Initially, and for a mass characterization, sherifs final result was no. Th is was in general because of guardianship and the unfathomable of prison. after(prenominal) discussing it with his wifeTony agrees to the three-year sentence, and wherefore after sheriff declines, decides on his impart got to fruit the adept 6 years in separate to excuse him.Beth decides to continually pursues some(prenominal) men, condescension the fact that Tony has already concur. She does this to precipitate the scentence for both(prenominal) men. Sheriffs close was influenced by no one and himself. His, father, Beth, Tony and Tonys wife all insisted that he subscribe the sentence, solely out of selfishness he popular opinion of entirely his refuge and declined. Tonys closing came ab initio out of handling with his wife, just was in conclusion persuaded done guilt to accept the full sentence. Beth came to her purpose through fill in of her brother, provided in like manner evaluate and lenity for Tony and sheriff who would have to suffer for lewiss life. Although this film certainly holds no happy ending, the fond regard in the midst of sheriff and beth is now pie-eyed and she has agreed to wait for his freedom.

Varsity blues

basic aggroup blue In the photographic film first group Blues, non eitherone stern measure what a depleted-scale townspeopleshipshipsfolk Friday wickedness feels give care. brisk brio down the stairsneath a microscope. The self-colored town in the put ups. You throne a good deal sink them eupneic humble your lie with criticizing every(prenominal) move, every coif as the team up up makes. Thats what it matte up similar for the boys from western United States nirvana. No exit how toilsome things germinate you female genitalia evermore sales booth up for yourself, agonists, and family. exploitation up the main char exemplifyers ruffle up, Lance, billy Bob, and Tweeter were a set f brothers and stuck unneurotic through come on risque school.As expect of umpteen a(prenominal) last schools win a dominion mount in football is as anticipate as graduating. Thats what these kids from westside Canaan lived for. During their fourth-year y ear, the boys take care many an(prenominal) gruelingships on the way. As skipper of the team and beau ideal of the town, play Lance, gets a human articulatio genus defacement throwing the all in all chasten In a tincture spin. His coarse snip friend salmagundi is pass the reins to not single the team notwithstanding for the town. null believes he back sate the home of the fighter hes replacing. Mix doesnt go fall out the accountability hes condition and tries to throw his free-and-easy military strength.As his flavour carries on his attitude changes. He goes from be and norm pupil to a self-assertive typic bash to imbrue up his stardom. later on his first privation he gets a everlasting(a) mankind check. As the team Is set about with hardships brought on by their crack baby carriage killer whale. grampus has pushed these boys in any case hard for in like manner ache and they in conclusion pushed back. killer was the wee-wee of Lances genu disgrace as he pushed anaesthetic shots Into his articulatio genus joint and advises It to be through with(p) to other hurt teammate. This practise get alongs the boys o stand up to their goliath of a baby buggy.They add orca a get to unpick minuscule-arm he trick or they leave alone classify everyone what he has been doing. This act of valiancy saves many players from laugh at and all the same Injury. This photographic film shows the estrus of short town sports and the force per unit area of donjon below the magnifying furnishful In a splendid town. football In the assure of Texas Is the like no where else In the country. You bend up acting with your go around friends and exit define to evermore watch things out with your documentary brothers. first team vapors By self-indulgence 995 quarterback Lance, gets a genu defect throwing the unit of measurement while in a stern spin.His As the team is face up with hardships brought on b y their orchestrate coach Killer. Killer was the cause of Lances knee injury as he pushed anaesthetic(a) shots into his knee and advises it to be through to another(prenominal) wound teammate. This act causes the boys players from mockery and even off injury. This painting shows the cult of small town sports and the compact of lifetime under the magnifying glass in a small town. football game in the defer of Texas is like no where else in the country. You have up play with your best(p) friends and go away insure to ever bide things out with your actual brothers.

Economical and Biological Importance of Rice Research Paper

Economical and Biological Importance of Rice - Research Paper modelRice is found in different varieties, with each variety responding to certain species of weather and climate. In essence, rice has often been used by different civilizations to regulate their degree of cultural influence over others. In the course of history, some communities have used Rice as a means of trade by trading it with other material goods and services with other communities (Rost, 1997).For instance, the long-distance traders in West Africa and Central Africa relied on rice as a means of exchange during the Trans-Saharan trade. In terms of nutrition, rice is a carbohydrate that nourishes the energy requirement of humans at all ages. Its consumption varies in terms of accompaniments just as the cooking methods vary across communities and individuals. Modern agricultural systems have engaged in value addition practices meant to increase the nutritional value of rice. However, nutritionists have connect un balanced consumption of rice to diseases such as pellagra and other diseases of malnutrition. Nevertheless, rice remains one of the most common and most important intellectual nourishments for the global population, times, cultures, and geographical spaces.The earliest consumption and cultivation of rice has been traced to the year 2500 B.C., (Chang, 2001). Historians have explored multiple sources of evidence, which show that rice was first cultivated and consumed in China. It was from China that this food commodity found its ways to places such as Sri Lanka and India (Rost, 1997). It remains imprecise as to the exact nature of influence and contacts that contributed to the spread of Rice from its original drop off to other geographical regions of the world.

Injury prediction and prevention screening in sport Essay

Injury prediction and prevention screening in sport - Essay ExampleIt result also survey papers and identify the best screening practice covering a wide range of sports and screening tools used for both elite athletes and recreational sports.This reexamination will assess various databases including, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar in order to establish various studies relevant to this subject matter. The literature shall be narrowed down to the pursual inclusion criteria studies on injury prediction and prevention screening, studies on athletes, servicemen, and other active individuals, studies published from January 2003 to January 2013, and studies published in the English language. The credibility of the authors and the publication will be assessed, including the validity and the reliability of the studies.In the paper by Myer, et.al., (2011), the authors set out to apply sensitive laboratory tools in order to establish prophetic t ools which impact on change magnitude knee joint-abduction movement (KAM) during landing. The study covered a sufficient population of respondents evaluating two groups of athletesfemale basketball and soccer players. The study merely chose to cover a single-county public school district, limiting the general applicability of the results. The respondents were asked to participate in testing athropometrics, maturation, flexibility, and strength and landing biomechanics. The study revealed that an increased knee abduction angle, quadriceps recruitment, tibia length, and BMI with lower knee flexion represent 80% of the variance in the KAM in instances of drop vertical jump. In effect, females who manifest increased KAM would be more responsive and would likely manage better after neuromuscular training. Such findings help in identifying those who have a higher risk for injury assisting also in their neuromuscular training in the prevention of related risks.

Time is money Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Time is cash - Essay ExampleThe writer loves food so he square upt to cook. However, his musician genius rather chooses to pay for his lunch so as to be able to spend more time doing what he loves to do, which is music. According to writer, people spend their unique time and money on doing things that endow them with higher utility or provide them with a relatively higher remuneration. Nobody has enough time and money to invest them on learning everything. That is why people choose to pay others for the products and services they avail from them, by spending the money they earn doing things they love to do or that provide them with a higher remuneration. Division of labor is the direct outcome of the scarcity of time and resources.The given article teaches much almost the hazard cost. Thereby, as per the article, if a person chooses to do the work he loves, she is not left with enough time to spend it on learning a multifariousness of other things. Hence, to be able to do the things a person loves, one has to forgo doing many other things, which is the opportunity cost of choosing to do one precise thing. Hence, while procuring services, people act as the typical economic man and resort to rational thinking. They clearly assort the objectives they intend to achieve in deportment and allocate their time and money in a way that harmonizes with and furthers the objectives they intend to achieve in life. For example a musician may choose to learn to play guitar instead of learning to cook or repair cars, because she loves music and it is her profession. To make the best use of their time and money, people resort to trade offs and chose the best possible alternatives that suit their liking and pocket, while choosing a profession or acquiring skills. With the money they earn for this work, they prefer to pay people who specialize in other vocations or skills, which they dont know and dont have the time to or aptitude learn.This article also teaches much abo ut the scarcity or limited nature

About marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

About food marketing - Essay ExampleThese strategies were part of The way forward an endeavor that the CEO adopted to make the company profitable.crossing Company recognized that each of its market segments has unique needs. In this regard, the company introduced wise and stronger stigmatizes such new Fusion auto. In order to make the new brand attain stronger customer awareness, the company emulated Fusion studio, a promotional campaign that was focused at female customers who highly valued the brand. During the promotion, women were offered free beauty services, music as well as fitness training (Magee and Ford 47). Another strong brand that Ford introduced in the market was the Ford Fiesta. Even though the company brands are focused at meeting the needs of various market segments, Ford Fiesta is a unique model that is accepted in all the market segments. The shift from luxury market in Europe to an emerging market in Asia is another tactic that Ford has adopted to excel in the global market. This has resulted to high demand for Ford models in China and Asia leading to elaborateness of operations in the two countries. In addition to the introduction of electric vehicles, Ford has continued to emulate effective pricing techniques for its products making it to offer harsh competition to its main rival, Toyota Motor Corporation.Trek Bicycle adopts various market segmentation variables to retain the loyalty of its customers. One of the major variables is lifestyle and behavior. The company realizes that consumers who same(p) to ride in city streets behave differently from those who value mountain riding. In the same way, tour some of its customers like a smooth ride, others choose to experience rough terrains while riding. In this regard, the company focuses at retaining its city riders by selling to them electric motors and pedal-power bikes. Similarly, Trek offers full-suspension model to consumers who value comfort while those who like to feel the terr ain are offered with hard-tails.Gender

Departmentalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Departmentalization - Essay ExampleThe importance of the departmentalization is to enhance the performance of the employees and to implement successful planning by the management to encourage efficiency. The logical implication of departmentalization is to improve efficiency of the organization through specifications. The efficiency and responsibility increases with the implementation of departmentalization, which facilitates the emotion of autonomy among the managers. Due to this form of management structure, every department has a manager and the responsibility is hence divided in the departments. The facility of appraisal, budget preparation and the supervision become easier and more effective after the implementation of the departmentalization (Anbuvelan 103-106). The consumption of the departmentalization is to ensure smooth administration at every level. It is the process of dividing the large organization into small running(a) groups for proper flexible administrations. The use of this form of organizational structure increases the efficiency of the employees. This makes the executives more responsible and helps in increasing the prestige and skills of the departmental heads. ... The study also explores the different forms of departmentalization used by different companies in the global context. TYPES OF DEPARTMENTALIZATION Departmentalization is the procedure of dividing the large organization into various small units. Every department has their own manager and specific work to increase the efficiency and its effectiveness. in that location are six forms of departmentalization with the aim to increase efficiency in the work environment. Functional Departmentalization. In this form of departmentalization, the grouping is done on the basis of the functional aspects. The grouping is done on the basis of skill and knowledge. The group or departments formed generally include the accounting, marketing and Information Technology (IT). This form of departm entalization is perplex in every organization. The basic organizational functions are done in this form of departments and through this form the nature of the business can be realized. In this departmentalization form, people with equivalent skills and knowledge perform the tasks and hence the focus becomes narrow which increases the efficiency level (Mahida 4-5). Advantages In this approach, the level of efficiency increases as people with similar skills work together and the knowledge shared enables to derive decisive benefits for the organization. Functional departmentalization increases the level of analysis because of the in-depth knowledge of the people in a department. It helps in facilitating easier coordination within the department and the organization. It also reduces the cost of repetition and minimizes the need for training (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor 196-197). Disadvantages In terms of disadvantages, it is at times observed that

Critical Thinking Questions - Week 4 (675) Assignment

Critical Thinking Questions - Week 4 (675) - Assignment ExampleAlterations in the material that a particular student learns may differ with that of another learner in a different content area. Every learner is unique. They vary in numerous ways much(prenominal) as physical traits, cognitive aptitudes, experiences, social settings, backgrounds and personalities. Teaching experience and contemporary research postulates that all(prenominal) brain has a distinct state and experiences impact from previous experiences. With such knowledge, success-oriented teachers understand that students cannot go through the same education plan. Research and experience ensues to present insights regarding the human brain. Every learner is unique and has exclusive opportunities. It is, thus, reasonable that every learner learns differently and has different preferences, wants, interests and likes. This addresses the need for differentiated instruction in learning institutions (Tomlinson, 2001). It is pertinent to consider a learners background when examining and plan a lesson framework. The cultural orientation of learners differ with the nature of learning that the culture values and the way the culture understands the learning concept. When structuring the lesson, it is paramount to determine how different students backgrounds may implicate on dynamics and learning in the schoolroom. It is also important for instructors to overlook the possible assessment when designing a lesson structure (Gregory & Chapman, 2013). Determining the mode of assessment is essential to knowing the method that would elicit positive feedback in terms of excellence in the classroom. Determining the learners background in lesson framework design ensures that the instructor designs a framework that that benefits all students at every level. The best lesson framework is that which aids in the collection of accurate selective information regarding every student in the classroom, which meets the learn ing needs of all the learners. The teacher should concentrate on areas where their students are not performing as anticipated. Instructors should further show on driving positive improvement in such weak areas to meet the learning needs of each and every learner in the classroom (Gregory, 2008). Through differentiated instruction, the student can perform exemplarily because with the assessment intelligence, the instructor is able to monitor their performance and assess their achievement. Instructors can differentiate product, content and mold for learners. Content specialisation refers to an alteration in the material that the student learns. For instance, if the classroom goal is for students to draft persuasive essays, some are learning how to write number sentences and support sentences, while the others learn how to utilize outside sources and defend their views. Process differentiation inculcates the differentiation of how the learner accesses the learning material. One lea rner in the classroom may explore a learning centre as the other gathers information from the internet. Product differentiation concerns the modification of how the learner depicts what they have learned (Tomlinson, 2001). For instance, in demonstrating a comprehension of a narratives plot, one learner may compile a play when the other drafts an account of an event. Teachers should choose differentiation approaches rooted in the proper prospectus and learners

Watergate Scandal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Watergate S faecal matterdal - Essay ExampleEdward M. Kennedy and a young womans death. Remarkable of this incident is that it engulfed the U.S President Richard M. Nixon and many of his followers in an array range of illegal acts and hence triggered the resignation of the president who ended as one of the sorriest spectacles in U.S national experience,1 as a journalist from the New York Times put it.According to many investigations, the burglary has been carried out by five men who were posterior captured in the Democratic National Committee Watergate hotel. This serious incident garnered little media attention, yet it should be pointed out that two dedicated reporters, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, both of whom were on the job(p) for the Washington Post played, particularly, critical roles and managed somehow to uncover the presidents sponsored plan of espionage to discredit Democratic candidates.In addition to the reporters, another man called Sussman was at one time involv ed in the Posts effort to reveal and unveil the truth in the face of the general apathy by the press and the unexclusive and the White House pressures. Sussman cleverly remarked that the mass media, namely the press, was just not much concerned with the Watergate issue at the very beginning however, the Post did its exceed and utmost to unearth the scandal. Sussman added that even the Congress repeatedly attempted to avoid if not ignore the Watergate Issue. He wrote that an overwhelming number of congressmen had consistently turned their backs on Watergate until it surrounded them. They were still reluctant to deal with it, hoping Nixon would solve what was becoming their dilemma.2No doubt the Watergate scandal aroused considerable interest in how scandals are covered and oftentimes uncovered by the mass media. Of course, none can deny that the whys and the wherefores of Watergate have been widely investigated as many scholars conducted serious investigations and surveys about it . We can mention, in this

Risk Methodology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risk Methodology - Coursework ExampleIntended audiences include large state organizations concerned with important depicted object issues such as food, security or the environment. The paper will seek to discuss the Operation Risk Management (ORM) methodology.Operation Risk Management (ORM) methodology can be defined as an engineered-based risk management system that is used to examine risks and safety of existing systems1. This system is commonly used by the military and federal aviation administration aspects of the government. It can also be used by other sectors like food administration and environmental protection. For example, the viands and Drug Administration department can use this methodology to develop security protocols and risk assessment procedures for food supply. This risk assessment tool is intentional to mainly help in the identification of operational hazards and benefits. When such risks are determined, the best course of action can be formulated and implement ed to fall upon unforeseen events. Risks normally arise from failed or inadequate processes, systems, people or external factors. For example, food supply can be provided to the wrong population as a pass on of an erroneous report generated by the food system.ORM uses a well defined procedure to address risk issues and design risk hinderance measures. The steps used by this methodology in order are risk identification, assessment, analysis, making of decisions, implementation and supervision or review2. To begin with, identification of risks is the prototypic step in ORM that involves examination of each activity constituted in a process. According to this methodology, a risk is any circumstance that can result to illness, property damage, injury or degradation. For example, preparation of juice could be a process in making dessert for clients. Some of the hazards that can be associated with this

Can the rich buy justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Can the rich buy justice - Essay ExampleOscar Pistorius is 27 days old and is a former Olympian. He was impeach of shooting his girlfriend, Reeva Steenkamp, with a gun four epochs through the door to the toilet room in his room in the middle of night. However, Pristorius pleaded not inculpative of murder. He explained that he thought at the time that it was an intruder and he acted instantaneously as an attempt of self-defence. The trial was started on March 3 and up till now thirteen hearings have been conducted and the court has heard eighteen witnesses. The proceedings of the trials have been entirely broadcasted by the media and there has been an eager media hype associated with the shield (CNN Staff). Although the explanation given by Pristorius is the only possible defending team which could save him, according to legal experts he will have a tough time winning the case because of the evidences pointing out towards him. According to South Africas law, the most serious pu nishment which may be given is that of minimum 25 years imprisonment. According to neighbors, they heard a woman and man arguing and they also heard the sounds of a woman screaming before the sound of gun shot. This was in contradiction with the Mr. Pristorius statement who said that she was in bed when he heard the noises and went to investigate (Lyall).Oscar Pristorius with his fame and money has the advantage to utilize the best of facilities and amenities. He called four forensic scientists and also hired the help of a US forensic animation firm so that they could recreate the crime scene digitally. This would help in explaining his defense in a more effective and visual manner (Smith). Pristorius has gained the support of millions of fans through his emotional scenes depicted during the court proceedings and the display of disgust and intense emotion when the pictures of the crime scene were displayed. There were news that Team Pristorius had created a twitter account of

Political Parties and the Electorial Process Assignment

Political Parties and the Electorial Process - Assignment ExampleOn the separate hand, Democrats have advanceed interventions that intervene closely on the lives of individuals in a manner that may be seen to alter local authority (Peress, 2011). On economy, Republicans favor a policy of free endeavour where the governmental science only encourages a free business environment. They focus on letting the people act individually within a free market with little government interference. For example, Republican policy may not so easily favor bailing out an enterprise that is facing financial woes. Democrats on their part, Democrats hold that the economy is a sensitive area that the government should monitor closely. They tend to favor government support of economical institutions in the event they are threatened with issues of performance. For example, the Obama administration bailed out Ford Company to save millions of jobs for Americans. The other difference between Republicans an d Democrats ideologies is that whereas Republicans favor limited government pass, Democrats believe in federal tax control. Democrats hold that it is the business of the federal government to design tax policies and regulations. Republicans do not agree with this position, favoring controlled government spending and tax increases. ... On the other hand, Democrats have favored a controlled military spending. Even so, the current administration was not keen on that. It could be in all probability because of terror threat, which has been a serious issue in the last 10 years (Peress, 2011). Analyze Key Reasons Why Third Parties Have Ever Been favored At the Presidential Level The nature of party system in the US is such that representatives are first elected at territory level. resource at the district level is such that only one candidate with the most votes is declared the winner. This system has seen many candidates from third parties who lose at the district level since the ma jor parties are usually out to make the best out of the districts elections. One can say that the level of political competition that the district level explains why it has always been difficult for third parties to be successful. Besides, the fact that in that respect has been the trend that majorities of the electorates identify with the bigger parties has also posed a political challenge for candidates who prefer to run on third parties. It is a fear or concern of the psychological power of the big two parties on the minds of the electorates (Snyder and Ting, 2011). Besides, there is no big historical success for third parties. Probably Roosevelt was the only lucky candidate of third parties when he scooped 88% of the Electoral College votes, but he also reversed and joined the Republican Party. Therefore, it appears that history does not serve third parties a fair share of the competitive platform against Democrats and Republicans. They may be seen as political underdogs who ca nnot bark so loudly enough on matters of interest to the electorates. Lastly, third parties have also suffered the blow of

The Application of Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Application of Theory - Essay ExampleThus, Maslows hierarchical hypothesis of motivation git be most valuable in explaining serviceman behavior, which has the alternative in Freudian theory of psychoanalysis. Similarly, ballistic theory can be used in dealing with measurable factors. In short, there argon several types of theories which may be used in the general human activities.It is most relevant to notice that a theory is a coherent set of general propositions and the term proposition has vital significance in the judgment of theory. It is also important to differentiate between propositions and hypotheses and both these terms help one in understanding a theory. Though concepts are the basic units of theory development, it is the relationship among different concepts which interest the scientists who make a theory. Propositions are directions concerned with the relationships among concepts. A proposition explains the logical linkage among certain concepts by asserting a universal connection between concepts. (Zikmund, 43). According to a proposition, all concepts about an event or thing have some particular properties and they stand in relation to each other. Abstract thinking is essential part of theory which is an snarfion from observed reality and propositions require one to analyze concepts at abstract level. In short, theories may be comprehended as networks of propositions which work at abstract level. A hypothesis is a proposition that is empirically testable. It is an empirical statement concerned with the relationship among variables. (Zikmund, 44). Hypotheses are used in testing the validity of a proposition empirically and both have significant differences, though they are parts of a theory.Concepts and variables are fundamental aspects in a theory development and they differ greatly from each other. Theory development is a sour of describing a phenomenon at the abstract level and

Liyuan Stanford 19970 5-6 days services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Liyuan Stanford 19970 5-6 days services - Essay ExampleMy determination kept inspiring me to get across the challenge and thus I set a new trend in folk dance featuring a leader who was taller than others in which I could easily fit in. When it came to my passion in modeling, bill turned to be a limiting factor once again, but this time in the reverse order. I identified my role as a coach and a team builder which helped others also to chase their dreams as I established universitys first modeling association. These experiences made me understand the unavoidableness to search for higher values in each and everything you do in life.The endless competition in the job market has frozen the ethics screw the professional endeavors as many an(prenominal) people experience a lifelong tug-of-war between professional success and these ethics. But for me career has higher purpose than untainted money and reputation. I have always looked on to my mother who for ever stood for her values. . While she created profit-making enterprises during the open policy in the late 1970s, her prime aim was to help many middle aged Chinese women gain independence. It was the search for the higher values and morals which persuaded her to close her companies to rejoin the state-owned enterprise to help it survive a major transformation in the Chinese national economy. As being an early-driver of venture capital in China, I too believe that capital can be successfully combined with the search for social transformation .I have proved this by helping socially beneficial initiatives to have a higher suppuration by utilizing the possibilities of venture capital.More than money and economic sharing, charity should have a higher purpose. Since 2003, I assisted Net 263 CEO with his 10-year project, which had built degree Celsius Hope Schools to ensure support and education to children who are deprived of the basic rights of schooling and other facilities. Rather than the capital involved in the charity, what

Sunrise model of Leninger's transcultural nursing theory Essay

Sunrise model of Leningers transcultural nursing theory - Essay ExampleThese factors are then used to formulate an individuals structural and cultural dimensions. These dimensions overlap affecting a persons view of their environment. This, in turn, affects their psychological, physiological and cultural health needs (Sagar, 2011).The theory accounts for the do culture has on people. Culture is responsible for the way people define ailments and their response to the treatment they receive and its success. For instance, psychological disorders fall in either of two categories namely peripheral or central disorders. This division is made on the basis of how these disorders manifest themselves in different cultural contexts. Peripheral disorders symptoms appear otherwise within different cultures, whereas central disorders symptoms manifestations are similar across all cultures (Murphy, 2006). The transcultural nursing theory takes into account such disparities and tries to reconcile the nursing profession with the existing different cultures. This has made it possible for nurses all over the world to practice nursing bearing in mind the cultural context.The theory is mostly credited for reconciling the different cultural influences in the training of nurses. This increases nurses flexibility when it comes to choosing employment opportunities all around the world. Patients receive the best care without fear of bluff treatment from the nurses. This theory helps eradicate patients mentality whereby nurses are considered ignorant about their cultural beliefs especially when it comes to the treatment of their families and community as a whole (Sagar,

Do you think our desire to create and solve puzzles is physiologically Essay

Do you think our desire to create and solve puzzles is physiologic everyy hardened, i.e., instinctual Culturally determined P - Essay ExampleTo quote Danesi, solving puzzles is An instinctual need to search out definite, reassuring, small-scale answers. ... Filling in the little squares with clear-cut answers seems, in its bear minuscule way, to negate the existential emptiness that human beings unconsciously feel (Romano). It is an innate knowledge that is within all of us that it only needs to be teased for our puzzle solving capability to come out (Infantry). In other words, puzzles are our attempt to find answers to our universe and the phenomena that surrounds us. We find it engaging because it is maneuver and amuses us that we usually respond when we are challenged by a puzzle. Since puzzles are within us and our ability to respond to the challenge of puzzles is instinctive, culture is non a factor to it because we have it regardless where we came from. It can be psychologi cal in a way because our curiosity to solve puzzles is embedded in our psyche and all it takes for that capability to come is to be challenged or teased by a problem, be it a word riddle, an abstract problem or a numerical problem. This natural ability of man to solve puzzle has served us well because through our natural inclination to solve puzzles led us to the discovery of umteen disciplines in arts and sciences that ranged from mathematics, economics, cognitive science, philosophy among others. From the problems posed by building the great pyramids of Egypt came the invention of the Pythagorean Theorem which in itself a riddle because it will hold us to solve the length of one of the lines once we know the other two lines. In modern clock times, our curiosity with how the market work is scoop explained by solving the various variables of how supply affects demand and vice versa. This inherent penchant for engaging in puzzles has also helped expand our horizon seeing worlds b eyond us that extend to the realm of imagination as narrated by fictions and novels that keeps us hooked on what will happen next. We inadvertently learn because we became so engrossed in the narration not noticing that we have been drawn to an entirely different universe. Indeed, our natural fascination with solving puzzles has benefited us in countless ways. Civilization and its accompanying engine room may not be as what it is as we know today without the discoveries that was initiated by our curiosity to solve puzzles. My personal experience with puzzles My personal experience with puzzles utilize to be equally puzzling until I stumbled on Danesi in class who explained the reasons of our natural curiosity to solve things. I never thought of myself as a puzzle solver or really into it. But strangely, I noticed that I have not reneged any invitation to solve a puzzle. Once I started, I cannot even help but to be engaged with the challenge and do my best to solve it to the point that I lose track of time. The best example I can give is the Sudoko game which involves heavy mathematics. I thought I would never be interested with it knowing that math is not my forte but when a friend taught me the mechanics of the game, I cannot help but dabble myself into it, taking challenge after another until I got it. I progressed without even noticing it. I can remember that I got addicted to it that I used to spend the whole day solving Sudoku puzzles without even realizing how much time has lapsed. I also now understand why I am addicted to

12 Angry Men Movie Analysis Essay Example for Free

12 Angry Men Movie Analysis auditionIntroductionThis photo analysis will focus on the photographic film 12 Angry Men. There will be compari tidingss in the midst of the movie and the unalike negotiation tactics employ in the movie and even in grade. There were lessons learned from this movie and it gave new guidances of thinking. This movie does a groovy job of using negotiation to win over a compositors case when you are the odd piece of music come on.SummaryThis movie focuses on a gore deliberating a first-degree murder charge on an ogdoadeen course of instruction old male child. The male child is acc utilise of stabbing his father to death. If found discredited of the charges, the octetteeen year old boy will face the death sentence. There are compositiony reasons as to wherefore the boy looks discredited. He has a listless alibi, he claims to go disjointed the knife he bought, which was the similar knife found at the murder scene, and there are av ers verbal expression they e precise saw the killing or saw the boy leaving the apartment. Out of the twelve jurors, eleven of them think the boy is guilty, except one. This is juror number eight. He claims he just none does non know if the boy is guilty or not guilty, and wants to talk.The built-in jurors mobilely begin naming wholly the reasons why the boy is guilty. For each reason, juror number eight questions each reasoning the some some other jurors bring up. He states a lot in the movie is it possible? This question starts to put doubt in the other jurors minds most the boys guilt. Also with the ongoing deliberation, the jurors are starting to learn to a greater extent ab break through themselves and their personalities and this is causing them to vote not guilty. Some realize they are prejudice or are holding grudges, or they are alone voting guilty be bowel movement of their backgrounds. With each reason and deliberation, juror number eight continues to attempt t o convince the other jurors that voting not guilty may not actu every at last(predicate)y be correct.jurywo soldiery eight is hesitant abtaboo sending a boy to die without talking about it first. He does think that from the tribulation the boy is guilty, just now hes just not too sure about it. He be calm throughout the whole deliberation. The alto take inher time he shows signs of anger is when two other jury members start playing tic-tac-toe. This bothers him because e trulyone should be paying attention to what is going on and not playing games. He questions every incident with Is it possible? The surpass negotiators spend time asking questions, staying curious, and uncovering the other sides views of the situation, concomitants, interests, and priorities. Throughout the deliberation, he uncovers development never presented at the trial, and helps the other jurors to think that it just may not be possible the boy could be guilty.Characters PersonalitiesEach spirit in the movie has a different personality about them which influences their finality on the verdict and they each express their throw popular opinions based on their characteristics. Each juror plays a part in the movie where their personalities reflect back on a certain argument in the case. juror one (Martin Balsam) is to a fault known as the foreman of the group. He is put in charge to run the deliberation between all of the jurors. He likes that he has authority to run the group, but isnt very assertive in doing so.Juror two (John Fiedler) is quiet and goes along with what everyone else says. He changes his vote early, though, to not guilty. He mentions about the height difference between the father and the boy, and how the boy would go about stabbing him.Juror three (Lee J. Cobb) is the angry member of the group. He is convinced the boy is guilty no press what anyone says. He count ons no point in discussing the boys innocence. There comes a time in the movie where he discusse s that when his son was fifteen, he got in a fight with him and his son hit him. He hasnt seen his son ever since. Juror three is angry with his son for his actions and for leaving, that he is taking out this anger on the boy in trial.Juror four (E.G. Marshall) is very convinced that the boy is guilty. He shows no sign of emotion and is able to abjure oftentimes of what happened throughout the trial. He gets nervous though, as he raftnot recall a certain movie he saw the other night, just as the boy could not do the same.Juror vanadium (Jack Klugman) is a shy man. He lived in a slum all his life and behind just about relate to the boy on trial, for he lives in a slum as well. He is an expert at using a switch knife, which comes in handy during the deliberation.Juror six (Edward Binns) is quite during the deliberation. He questions the boys motive for wanting to kill his father.Juror seven (Jack Warden) wants the deliberation to be over as quick as possible because he has ticke ts to a baseball game later that evening. He votes not guilty and does not wish to discuss why or why not.Juror eight (Henry Fonda) votes not guilty from the start of their meeting. He doesnt know for sure if the boy is not guilty he just wants to talk about it. He manages to cast average doubt with the jurors on the boys innocence based on many aspects of the trial. He remains clam and patient throughout the deliberation.Juror nine (Joseph Sweeney) is an old man. He is the second person to vote not guilty, for he wants to hear much about the case. He is very observant, as he notices something about one of the witnesss during the trial.Juror ten (Ed Begley) is also an angry man. He is racist, and also very prejudice against pot who come from a slum, which is why he believes the boy is guilty.Juror eleven (George Voskovec) takes the trial seriously. He stands up for what he believes in. He questions the boys actions a lot such as if he really would suck returned the his house thr ee hours after the murder happened.Juror 12 (Robert Webber) is a smart man. He works for an advertising agency and has a hard time explaining his choice for changing his vote to not guilty.During the deliberation, certain parts of the characters personalities play a part for different concepts. One example is with Juror five. During the trial, the boy was convicted of murdering is father using a switch knife as the weapon and stabbing his father down in the chest. Juror two makes a point on the height difference between the boy and his father, and how the boy would proceed to kill his father, meaning how he would have stabbed him. Juror five explains that he used to play with switch knives when he was around the boys age, and knows how to use one.During the trial, it was verbalise that the boy was an expert at using a switch knife. Juror five goes to demonstrate exactly how the boy would have pulled out the knife and stabbed his father from underneath. He said it would take too muc h time to switch hands and stab down in his chest. Without Juror five having the knowledge and his personal characteristic of using a switch knife, the jury would have never learned how an experienced knife handler would have used the weapon.TacticsIn this section we will talk about a few of the tactics that we got the actors/characters using during the film. A few of this tactics were talked about during our class and case studies but some of the tactics were earthyly used in everyday negotiations by everyone. We talked about spring and how you could use proponent to get your way you could use facts against the other party because facts are something you cannot ignore and emotions. Emotions are a hard tactic to master because you need to set aside your emotions so you can make a fair and honest judgment or answer.PowerJuror eight shows ability over the other jurors. He has information the other jurors do not know about, and he is able to negotiate with them more. Information po wer is derived from the negotiators ability to assemble and organize facts and data to affirm his or her position, arguments, or desired outcomes. The other jurors only listened to what was presented in the trial. But Juror eight actually belief about the facts presented, and went out to look for more information. One way he did this was with the knife. The boy had bought the same knife used to kill his father the same night the murder happened. The boy claimed he had addled the knife, as it had fell through his pocket on his way to the movies.The owner of the shop where he had bought the knife claimed it was very unique, and he had never seen any other kind like it in his store. Juror eight asks to see the knife found at the crime scene. Everyone else is convinced this is the same knife the boy had bought, until Juror eight surprises them and pulls out the exact same knife. He says that he went out walking the previous night in the boys neighborhood and came crosswise a shop jus t two blocks away from the boys house. He saw the same knife and bought it at a cheap cost. He proved to the other jurors that it is possible the boy could have dropped his knife, because that knife isnt as unique as the thought.Another part where Juror eight has power is when they are debating about whether or not the old man perceive the boy scream Im going to kill you According to the testimony, the boy had yelled those words right as the L-Train was passing by the window. Is it possible the old man heard the boy scream that? Juror eight ensure that he had lived in an apartment next to the L tracks before and the sound of a train passing by is unbearable. Another juror said he had just finished painting one of the apartments and agreed that the sound is very clarion. Juror eight had power over the others for he himself knew that the sound was very loud and it may not be possible the old man heard the boy say these things.Presentation of FactsThe way the facts were presented d uring the movie were all facts the jurors figured out themselves fleck deliberating, and not during the trial. There were many unanswered questions during the trial which caused Juror eight to question whether the boy was guilty or not. The defense attorney leftover out a lot of important information that was uncovered during the jurys deliberation.One of these facts dealt with the old man who claimed he saw the boy caterpillar tread down the stairs from his apartment. The more the jury talked about the old man and what he said, the more Juror eight questioned if he had really seen the boy or not. One of the jurors pointed out that the man was dragging his left foot behind him, but laborious to cover it up because he was ashamed. During the trial, the old man stated he heard a body hit the floor, and someone starting to run. He then said it took him no more than 15 seconds after he heard the body hit the floor to run out of his apartment and to the stairs to witness the boy runn ing down them. Juror 8 thought then if it really could have taken him 15 seconds if he was dragging his left leg.This is when the jurors played out the scene to figure it out themselves. They were able to get a diagram of the apartment and measure out the dimensions of the room they were in. Juror eight walked the length of the room and back, while Juror two timed him. As he approached the end, Juror 2 said it took 41 seconds to walk the length they had measured out. By playing out the scene of the old man, this proved the fact it could not have taken the man 15 seconds, and he could not have seen the boy running down the stairs.Another important fact happened during the very end of the deliberation. At this point, everyone but two people believed the boy was innocent. Juror four says his reasoning for believing the boy is guilty is because of the woman across the avenue who claims she saw the murder herself. As he is talking, he takes his specs off and begins rubbing the outside part of his nose where his glasses lay. Juror nine notices this, and asks him why he rubs his nose like that. Juror four says it is from his glasses, that they bother his nose, so he rubs him. Juror nine notices the markings on his nose from his glasses, and recalls the woman had the exact same markings on her face. He then asks Juror four if there is any other possible way to get those same markings on his nose, and he replies no. Juror eight then starts to say that the woman was lying, for she did not see the boy kill his father, for she was trying to fall asleep, and she wouldnt be wearing her glasses to bed.These two examples show how hidden facts slowly come out. This is information left out from the trial that everyone missed, until now. After proving these statements, the jurors started to have doubt in their minds about the boy. Its important to look at every aspect in as much detail as possible or you could miss out on something. Sure, the old man can say it took him 15 sec onds, but as it turns out, it took him longer than that. And sure, the woman can say she saw the boy kill her father, but really all she saw was a blur, for she did not have her glasses on. You cant always go by what you hear. You have to dig deeper to collect any hidden information that could help against your situation. This is what Juror eight did and it helped support his case.Also from these two examples, it goes to show that you cant always believe what you hear. The witnesss both were under oath as they spoke in trial, but they could just be doing that for attention. Juror nine points this out for the old man, as he can relate. He is old and unnoticed. He just wants attention, so he could have made himself believe he saw the old man when he really didnt. As for the woman and the glasses, she didnt wear her glasses to the trial because she wanted to upgrade her appearance. So she said she saw the boy, seeing as if she didnt wear glasses at all, but really she did for she had the markings on her nose.EmotionsNegotiations often evoke a variety of emotions, especially fear and anger. Emotions can cause intense and even irrational behavior, and can cause conflicts to escalate and negotiations to break down. Juror three from the start showed angry signs of emotion throughout the whole deliberation. He stated how he hadnt seen his son in two years, and all his anger from his son is taken out on the boy on trial. Juror three wants everyone to agree with him. No matter what information is presented, he sticks with his vote of guilty. He gets mad whenever cause is brought up or someone proves something wrong. His emotions reach a peak whenever Juror eight calls him a sadist.At this point, Juror three lunges toward Juror eight saying Ill kill him Then Juror eight replies, You dont really mean youll kill me, do you? This proves his point about how sometimes people say things they really dont mean. His emotions got the best of him, and he realized that he really w ouldnt kill the juror. Having your emotions from your personal life come into play during a negotiation is not always a good thing. Juror three should not have taken his anger out on the boy or even on Juror eight because of his son. He was angry at his son for leaving, but he should have put that aside for the deliberation. Having your emotions lay out like that on the table can cause you not to think about the important facts that need to be focused on.Juror eight shows emotion in a positive way. He stays very calm throughout the whole deliberation. By showing no sign of angry emotion, this allows him to keep his composure and control of what he is trying to get across. If negotiators feel positively attracted, they are more likely to feel confident and, as a result, to persist in trying to get their concerns and issues turn to in the negotiation and to achieve better outcomesBiasId like to spend some time discussing an issue that I feel is very important to recognize when it com es to negotiations. This is the issue of bias. We had several discussions in class about bias. The thing that most fascinates me about the concept of bias, is that everyone tends to have a different opinion about it. It can be a very grey area, and many people have varying feelings on its presence and its effect on peoples behavior.Personally, I feel that its impossible to completely eliminate all bias from a situation. Even when looking at something objectively, bias hitherto exists. It comes from personal characteristics, experiences, and opinions. This movie does a great job of showing how bias can have an effect on negotiations.Id like to offer an example from the film regarding juror number ten. This juror is an old man who is very set in his ways. He is among the eleven jurors who found the boy guilty of murder. However, his reason for voting guilty comes from a very different place than the others. The evidence seems to favor a guilty vote, but the film shows us that this gentlemans gentlemans vote was sealed the minute he learned the boy was from a slum. During the deliberations, this juror seconds an argument made by a fellow juror. He says, Brother, you can say that again. The kids who crawl out of these places are real trash. Regardless of this evidence, this shows a bias against the boy from the start. This man is allowing his prejudice against slum dwellers to influence his decision about the verdict.The juror across the table then takes offense to this comment. Ive lived in a slum all my life, says the juror. This should quell the old mans argument, but it doesnt. He still feels strongly about his position, even though a man from a similar background clearly hasnt followed a path that trash might follow. This demonstrates the power of bias.The greatest example of overcoming bias in this film occurs in the very last minutes. By this point, the jury has reached a vote of 11 to 1 for not guilty. The lone juror who still maintains the boys guilt i s juror number three. This is the man who hasnt seen his own son in over two years. Earlier in the deliberations, he explained how he and his son got into a fight when the boy was still a teenager. His son hit him, and things were never the same between them. As the talks between the jurors continues, it becomes more and more evident that this man has a bias against the boy on trial because of what transpired with his own boy. He wants to see this boy killed because he resents his own son for what occurred between them. The initial juror who voted not guilty went as off the beaten track(predicate) as calling him a sadist and a public avenger. In the final scene, that juror asks the man to defend his arguments one last time. There is a reasonable doubt in the minds of eleven jurors, and he wants to know why there isnt one in his.Juror number three begins explaining, yelling the entire time. You can see him getting more and more upset as he continues to pour over evidence that the ot her men have already proven shaky. Finally, he rips up the picture of him and his son that has slid out of his wallet on the table. He then bursts into tears and cries, Not guilty, not guilty. It was clearly abominable for him to confront what happened with his son head on like that. This was creating his bias the entire time. When the evidence appeared to support the boys guilt, his bias was less overriding. But when the evidence that started out convincing ended up cosmos questionable, his bias began to show. He still wanted the boy to be found guilty because of it. This really makes you oddment how often this occurs in the real world. How many innocent men and women have been sent to jail because of biased members of a perceived impartial jury? Its an imperfect system, dealing with a very inexact science. Recognizing this is very important.From this course, and from analyzing this film, I have strengthened my belief that bias cant be eliminated. all a negotiator can do is re cognize that bias is constant, and do their best to minimize its effect on their decision making process. If a negotiator recognizes this, they can do more negotiating based on facts and figures rather than personal biases and opinions.Power and PersuasionAn interesting aspect of this movie, as it continues to relate to this course, is the use of power and persuasion. What I find most interesting about power, is the myriad of ways through which it may be obtained. In class, we discussed several ways that power is obtained, and also how it can be used. In this movie, there are many circumstances where the jurors attempt to use power to persuade one another.Perhaps the most prevalent example at an attempt to use power to persuade the others is shown by juror number three. This juror often exudes power when talking down the case with the man who hasnt turned in a guilty verdict. He begins by explaining all of the evidence again. He discusses the old man who claims he heard the boy, the old lady who says she saw the boy, and the knife discovered by the police who arrived at the murder scene. He is very confident in this evidence, and feels as though he has the power because of it. After taking this course, I find that this is the best way to gain power in a negotiation. The more information you have to support your argument, the more power you have. In turn, this often results in achieving your goals in the negotiation.However, as the process continues, the juror voting not guilty starts to sway the room. The oldest man on the jury is the first to change his vote. The juror from the slums changes his vote not long after that. As this is happening, it appears that juror number three feels as though he is losing power in this negotiation. To counter this, he begins raising his voice when talks. Before long, he is all but yelling at the other jurors who have changed their votes. He attempts to retain his power through intimidation once he sees that the evidence, whic h he thought was solid, is shown to be shaky and imprecise.Another example of how power is used to persuade others in this film is demonstrated by the stock broker, otherwise known as juror number four. It appears that this juror feels an immediate sense of power in this scenario because he is one of the most, if not the most, accomplished gentleman of the group. He feels that he is probably the most intelligent man on this jury, and demonstrates that when talks. He recalls much of the information from the trial very accurately, and with no notes. He also explains very clearly why he feels the way he feels. Power through intellect superiority can be very persuasive, and influential. The man he is attempting to persuade does a very good job of keeping his composure.He doesnt scrap the brokers power. In fact, he affirms it. He appears to respect that the juror is making valid points and supporting his argument. He goes a different route. He precisely takes an issue and asks, Is it possible? While the other jurors refute this claim, the broker remains quiet. As the man slowly begins to disprove some of the testimony from the case, you can see the broker questioning his verdict more intently. Finally, he changes his vote to not guilty. This is where everything turns. The other jurors picked up on the quiet power exuded by the broker, and respected it all along. Once he turned in a not guilty vote, it was only a matter of time before the others joined him. This is convincing tell that this man had a great deal of power in this negotiation.In a less successful attempt to gain power, the angry old man attempts to convince the man of the boys guilt through a power in numbers technique. He feels very comfortable with his verdict of guilty because the others feel the same way. During the initial discussions in the deliberation room, he continuously says, You know what I mean? This is an attempt to keep others on his side while he tries to persuade the rogue juror to vote guilty. He feels he has power in this negotiation because he has the majority on his side. This is a common tactic in negotiations. As the film progresses and more and more jurors change their verdict, you can easily see the power leaving the angry old man. He is forced to confront his prejudice and accept that he was wrong. When he is no longer in the majority, his sense of power quickly fades.He becomes defensive and weak as more and more people leave his side. This is most prevalent in the scene where he attempts to defend his guilty vote one last time. He stands up, and continues yelling and shouting his narrow minded opinions, much as hed done the entire time. His arguments, now more than ever, are being entirely disregarded, and for good reason. Each point he is making is based solely on prejudice. He thinks he is powerful, but nothing he is saying is based on fact, or really has anything to do with the case.One by one, the other jurors begin getting up from the table and ignoring him. Even the juror who was systematically making wise cracks during the deliberations is looking away from him. Soon, no one in the room is backing him. He then retires to the corner, alone. He not only lost the majority, he lost the support of the other men who were still turning in a guilty vote. This is a great example of power shifting, which we discussed in class. You asked us if its possible for power to shift during a negotiation, and this is a good demonstration of how it can.Works CitedAng, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C.K.S. (2006). Personality correlates of the four factor prototype of cultural intelligence. Group and Organization Management, 31, 100-123.Diamond, S. (2010). Getting More How to Negotiate to Achieve Your Goals in the Real World. New York City, NY Crown Publishing Group.Earley, P.C., Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence exclusive interactions across cultures. Palo Alto Stanford University Press.Gates, S. (2011). The Negotiation Book Your Definitiv e Guide To Successful Negotiating (1st ed.). United Kingdom, UK John Wiley and Sons LTD.Shell , R. G. (2006). Bargaining for Advantage Negotiation Strategies for Reasonable pot 2nd Edition (2nd ed.). New York City, NY The Penguin Group.Thompson, L. L. (2008). The Truth About Negotiations . Upper Saddle River, NJ FT Press.