Cause Essays - Lecturers, Feminist Theory, Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Cause What's more, Effect And Rights Consistently, ladies have been viewed as somebody to have kids, somebody to cook, somebody to clean, and somebody who doesn't merit rights. Until ladies like Elizabeth Cady Stanton ascended against these generalizations, it looked as though ladies would consistently be viewed as them. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was not the only one in her battle to acquire rights for ladies; Susan B. Anthony was helping her. These two ladies consolidated to begin the battle for ladies' privileges. Just about 100 years after they began this battle, Gloria Steinem went along and proceeded with it with a similar power. Together Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Gloria Steinem would change the way that the United States saw ladies. Elizabeth Cady Stanton began the battle for ladies' privileges at a show in Seneca Falls, New York 1848. She stood up on the alleged equivalent rights that ladies had, It is the obligation of the ladies of this nation to make sure about to themselves their holy right to the elective establishment (1: Scott). With that extraordinary proclamation Elizabeth Cady Stanton indicated that ladies do have a feeling and they need to voice it. As her discourse advanced she talked about the unavoidable rights conceded to all in the constitution and how these were not offered similarly to ladies. Her radical new thoughts started a questionable fight that would last well into the following century. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was one of the main ladies to wear shorts and not a dress around her town and home, causing her better half (an appointed authority) much scorn and humiliation. In 1851 at another show in Seneca Falls, she met Susan B. Anthony a lady as enthusiastic about the battle for ladies to cast a ballot as she seemed to be; strangely they met while Stanton was wearing drawers. The ladies quickly became companions, and begun full power to increase equivalent rights for ladies. Elizabeth Cady Stanton composed the majority of the addresses conveyed by Susan B. Anthony. Elizabeth Cady Stanton turned into the lady in the background, and as the a long time advanced so did their battle. Susan B. Anthony helped start the development for ladies' privileges in 1851 when she met Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Between the two of them, these ladies began in New York and gradually worked over the nation instructing ladies on what rights they ought to have and why they didn't have them. The two were emphatically battling for a lady's entitlement to cast a ballot. At the time the main individuals permitted to cast a ballot were white guys beyond 21 years old, no slaves, no minorities individuals, and no ladies. From 1854 to 1860 Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton worked in New York to change all laws separating against ladies. Anthony started sorting out ladies everywhere throughout the state to help with this battle. In 1869 Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucy Stone and Henry Beecher united to arrange the National Woman Suffrage Association. This gathering would work to get a protected change that would concede ladies the option to cast a ballot (the thought was started by the fifteenth amendment which expressed that the recently liberated slaves reserved the privilege to cast a ballot). To offer their expression more sensational Susan B. Anthony and 12 other ladies cast their votes in the 1872 presidential political race. These votes were one of numerous sensational strides in picking up casting a ballot rights for ladies. Anthony was captured, sentenced, fined $100, and afterward set free for this, she before long turned into a symbol ever. In 1920 the battle for a ladies' entitlement to cast a ballot was soon over as the nineteenth amendment to the constitution was passed permitting this right. This likewise permitted ladies to turn out to be additionally friendly furthermore, consistent with there own convictions. Later in the century ladies would by and by have to battle for correspondence yet for an altogether different explanation. Gloria Steinem isn't just an effective agents and fellow benefactor of Ms. magazine, she was likewise a significant figure in the ladies' freedom development of the late 1960s and mid 1970s. It might have been written in her hereditary code to be a women's activist as her grandma, Pauline Perlmutter Steinem, was a suffragist in the 1900's. Steinem's significant life change came in a matter of seconds before she left for an excursion to India in 1956. She found that she was pregnant. In the wake of catching a discussion, she came to think about another methodology that might support her, an fetus removal. Half of the cash she had put something aside for her outing to India went toward the activity. Without further ado thereafter her visa for

The Old Testament vs the New Testament in The Scarlet Letter (OLD) and Essay

The Old Testament versus the New Testament in The Scarlet Letter (OLD) and Moby Dick (NEW) - Essay Example The impact of wrongdoing upon the human spirit is the common topic in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Book: â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† and he analyzed the unforgiving mentality of the Puritans towards transgression in their treatment of adulteress Hester Prynne and their pitiless discipline, which is much the same as the cruel discipline and critical disposition of God as depicted in the Old Testament. Then again, the book â€Å"Moby Dick† was composed during the time of Protestantism when individuals were urged instead of forced into traditional profound quality, where autonomy of thought and religion had set in and man was permitted a more prominent level of adaptability in the wages for his wrongdoing, as exemplified in the New Testament through the instructing of Jesus where even the most heinous heathen could look for and discover absolution. The nature of adaptable idea is depicted in the varying viewpoints of the white whale that are introduced in the book, Mody Dick . It might be seen as a specialist of malice or of good, contingent on the point of view of the watcher. This is the quintessence of the contrast between the Old and New Testaments too. Instead of the cruel wages of transgression in the Old Testament, the New Testament offers pardoning to the individuals who accept, along these lines the wages of wrongdoing will rely on the disposition of the heathen. The differentiation between the disposition towards wrongdoing that is reflected in the old and New Testament is likewise uncovered in the two works â€Å"Scarlet Letter† and â€Å"Moby Dick† with the previous speaking to the way of the Old Testament and the last the way of the New Testament. Hawthorne’s book bases on a female hero Hester Prynne, whose spouse is caught in America and is away for a long time. Hester submits infidelity however won't unveil the name of her accomplice, who is later uncovered to be in all honesty the cleric of the network †Arthur Dimmesdale. Hester is openly embarrassed by the unbending Puritan culture

Be a Blogger 2016!

Be a Blogger 2016! Its summer in Cambridge, which means three things: 1) Powerlifting is saving my life (RIP The Toast) 2) My officemates are food-shaming me for bringing huge containers of steel-cut oats into the office and eating them like an actual horse 3) Its time for those of you who might want to be bloggers to SHARE YOUR SPECIAL TALENTS What does it mean to be an admissions blogger? Here is the opening paragraph from the blogger training manual that Lydia and I send to all the new bloggers during blogger training: The mission of the blogs is to allow our bloggers to express to the world what being a student at MIT is like. You should interpret this mandate expansively. We want you to write about the formal admissions process (essay tips, interview advice, etc), but we also want you to write about things you do at MIT. Admissions officers can write about holistic admissions authentically. We cant write about what its like to be in a Sadoway lecture, or planning stuff for REX, or UROPing, or deciding how to pick your classes, or a really cool new thing you learned today in class, and so forth. The day-to-day experience of your life at MIT is a perspective only you can provide, so you should feel reasonably free to write about things you do, think, and experience while you are here. Beyond that, we will not tell you what to write or what not to write, with one golden guideline: dont get the blogs shut down. MIT operates by setting a very high standard of admission to the academic enterprise and then offering those who clear the bar substantial creative autonomy to independently pursue whatever they think is interesting and worthwhile; the blogs are a specific example of the general case. At a high level, we are looking for bloggers with good judgment who can write clearly and regularly to help communicate to their readers something about what its like to be an MIT student. Note that I say write. Over the years, we have had many, many bloggers who have deployed pictures, cartoons, and video with wonderful, adorable, beautiful creativity. But fundamentally, the blogs remain a written medium, and students who have a demonstrated track record of (or in their application demonstrate the potential for) writing consistently and well tend to be the most compelling candidates. Bloggers are expected to blog at least twice a month. New bloggers will also spend at least 3 hours a week in residence in the admissions office during normal business hours, to a) help new bloggers structure writing time into their schedules, and b) make it easier for them to ask staff and student workers for clarification on matters of fact (policies, procedures, etc) if theyre responding to questions or comments. You will also be inducted into our grand global conspiracy of nerds who write about MIT on the Internet and learn the secret blogger handshake and stuff. If this sounds like something you might like to do, then head on over to Slideroom and fill outthe blogger application,due July 12th. If anything isnt clear, let me know in the comments or via email!

One Size Does Not Fit All - 1870 Words

One Size Does Not Fit all â€Å"If my future were determined by just my performance on a standardized test, I wouldn’t be her. I guarantee you that† - Michelle Obama. Once upon a time our education system was based on one s knowledge of the simplicity of things; however, now a days a children s knowledge isn’t based on whether he or she knows the different countries or how to answer 2+2 unless they can relate it to a real world situation. It is based on the pure skill of how to take a test. Standardized tests and Common Core (CC) have recently started denouncing our school system more and more. Children are starting to get lost and confused on topics, parents deem them excessive and unnecessary, and teachers feel inclined to teach to the test and emphasising relating everything back to a real life situation instead of teaching their students a broad spectrum of ideas. With the adoption of Common Core and the addition of multiple standardized tests children are st arting to feel lost and left behind when it comes to curriculum. According to Cary Grimm Common Core standards can be compared to jumping over a fence that one knows was 2 feet but evidently was told 3 feet and missed the next level standard. When you set a standard of what a child needs to know in each grade but only used standardized testing to test their knowledge of what they know instead of using a more personal approach, this degrades the system (Stern). When the education systems makes it all based on who’s theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Laboratory Assignment: Virtual Microscopy1615 Words   |  7 Pagessurname. Type your responses to the questions below where indicated. Remember to save your work frequently. Viewing Magnification, Field of View, and Specimen Size 1. On the UD Virtual Compound Microscope, examine the onion root tip slide at 400X viewing magnification. Ensure that the image is centred. What is the approximate size of an onion root tip cell? Show your work and specify which dimension of the cell (length or width) you are using. (2 marks) RESPONSE: The dimension of the cellRead MoreShould The Government Have A?1510 Words   |  7 Pageslunches to minimize the size of portions, lower calories, and provide less quantity of protein, Rodriguez 2 In addition, the government should not have to determine in our diets because school are not the only responsible for children obesity, the bill puts a limit in students to make their own choices , and the acts â€Å"one size fits all† does not fit the necessities ofRead MoreAre Cars Better Then Cars?1115 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch and topics to look at first before anyone can answer either question. When it comes to topics like this one, there needs to be facts about what each one has to offer or what the bad that they have. It first starts with a very important factor that is crucial in the vehicle industry, millage. Trucks typically use up more gas because of their bigger size engine and also in physical size and weight. Most pickup tucks tend to have a big V8 engines that has a lot of power to be able to pull and carryRead MoreThe Hunger Free Kids Act1355 Words   |  6 Pagesacross the nation were in uproar. The act requires school lunches to minimize portion sizes, limit calories, and cut back on protein consumption in general for all students. Most students, including myself argue that the government should not have any say in our diets. The government shouldn t have control over what we are eating for three very obvious reasons. clearly, the act s one size fits all approach does not apply to every individual student affected. Second, The federal government isRead M oreHow Does Code Access The Same Page Frame Within A Page Table?963 Words   |  4 Pagesof time needed to copy a large amount of memory from one place to another. What effect would updating some byte on the one page have on the other page? Ans: If the two entries in a page table point to the same page frame in the memory, then the users can use the same code or sometimes data in the future. For example if two users wish to use the same code, then instead of loading the code two times in to the table, one user can load it in to one table initially and later the other user who would likeRead MoreToday s Day And Age Sexuality And The Advertising Market946 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the teen market is a force all on its own, raking in over $1.76 billion dollars in the year 2001. As more and more children and teens are taking on the responsibility of choosing their clothes, shoes and cosmetics, they are looking for items that suit them in a more sophisticated manner at a price that fits their budget (Henson, 2002). The company needs to make sure that we are not producing items that fit an adult lifestyle more than a teen one. While there is a tendency toRead MoreWhat Makes The Product Concept Unique? Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesRefractive Index Optics (GRIN) by Peak Nonosystems represent a new class of optical power. This technology provides: †¢ A shorter focus point †¢ Reduce geometric/chromatic focusing errors This breakthrough technology provides a lighter weight, reduced size high performance optical systems. Chromatic corrected and flat optics with focusing power reduce volume. These benefits will allow Bushnell to reshape the landscape of the binocular business. This is a project is to prototype the binoculars in orderRead MoreHere, Y. Denotes The Five Observed Indicators, Tau. Is1200 Words   |  5 Pagescomparing groups, the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) method is applied, thereby allowing for comparison of parameter estimates between countries. However, such comparison depends on the parameters being measurement invariant across all groups. As mentioned in previous studies (Ariely and Davidov, 2011), it is necessary to obtain some degree of measurement invariance in order to not only guarantee that the latent constructs have the same meaning across groups, but also to make meaningfulRead MoreYoung Women s Diet Pills1576 Words   |  7 Pagesmake themselves look better in their own eyes. Some may purchase the best makeup money can buy, others wear expensive clothes, they even spend hundreds of dollars on getting their hair done or hair products and these are all fine, unless you’re the parent paying the bill. O ne trend that is becoming increasingly more popular with young women is diet pills. The pressure to look good drives girls to use diet pills that are harmful to their bodies. First Reasoning In today’s world everywhere youRead More3d Printing Essay711 Words   |  3 Pages3D Printing Shoes For A Perfect Custom Fit 3D printing has been in the news for the past few years and has been developing at a steady pace. At first 3D printing technology was used exclusively for rapid prototyping, however, steadfast advances in storage, power, and bandwidth have catapulted the technology into a powerful tool for the manufacture of finished products. These products range from everyday products such as shoes, clothing, jewelry, and accessories to parts for jet engines and cars

Cause And Effect Of Smoking - 1622 Words

Smoking, a practice of inhaling and exhaling smoke from burning tobacco, is a problem that is notorious for causing the death of more than 7 million people every year, and around 890,000 of those people are non-smokers that were exposed to second-hand smoke (World Health Organization). According to â€Å"Your Health Today: Choices in a Changing Society,† smoking causes cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases because of the content of approximately 600 chemical ingredients, which yield more than 4,800 substances when burnt (Teague 336-338). Not only are the smokers themselves harmed, but also non-smokers that are exposed to smokers’ second-hand smoke, especially women, children, pregnant women, and fetus. For†¦show more content†¦At the same time, tobacco was listed in U.S. Pharmacopoeia, the government’s official list of drug (Gene Borio), but it was removed as the tobacco state legislators were bribed. Not until the d angerous effects of tobacco use become more noticeable did people realize that it was hard to quit consuming the cancerous substance, and the government made many efforts in an attempt to reduce tobacco consumption. In 1906, U.S. Justice Department was against the American Tobacco Company, the second-largest corporation in the United States, by filing charges anti-trust (Gene Borio). Not giving up, cigarette companies tried to get more loyal customers by sending millions of free cigarettes to the troops during World War I, getting more soldiers to smoke and be addicted so when they came home, they will have to buy cigarettes. Despite the increase of more researches that prove the fact tobacco worsens people’s health, cigarette companies still deny it, while promoting â€Å"healthier† choices of tobacco products such as added filter and less toxic ingredients. After Congress passed the Federal Cigarette Labelling and Advertising Act, surgeon general’s health warn ings appear on cigarette packages by 1966 (Gene Borio). Federal Communications Commission also required one anti-tobacco advertisement for every three tobacco advertisements, called TV fairnessShow MoreRelatedCause And Effect Of Smoking1375 Words   |  6 PagesNow we know the most lifesaving way to prevent this is to quit smoking, but did you know people who are exposed to second hand smoking can also get lung cancer, even though a person quit smoking it may have impacted, the cigarette smoke, into someone else’s body. Cigarette smoke is full of cancer-causing material, called carcinogens, this changes the lung tissue right away. Fundamentally, the human body may be able to restore the damage. With each repeated vulnerability, normal cells that line theRead MoreCause And Effect Of Smoking1386 Words   |  6 PagesSmoking via a cigarette is a preventable habit that people develop when they become stressed, feel the need for social acceptance or wanting a satisfaction relea se of hormones. Cigarettes contain nicotine; a highly addictive group of chemicals that when inhaled spread through the body via the lymphatic system. Smoking has both internal and external repercussions including a depletion in oxygen levels and gangrene respectively. Smoking has been directly related to many types of cancers and ailmentsRead MoreSmoking Cause And Effects Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesSmoking is very dangerous, and it has many effects on the health of people. The correlation between smoking and numerous diseases is very high. Throughout the paper, numerous effects are discussed. The change that smoking causes in people’s moods can lead to addiction. 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Green Tea and Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Adults Free Essays

Obesity has become a growing health issue which is associated with increased risk of chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, stroke, sleep apnea, and certain cancers (Auvichayapat et al. , 2008; Maki et al. , 2009; Nagao et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Green Tea and Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Adults or any similar topic only for you Order Now , 2005). In the United States there are an estimated 72 million overweight or obese adults (as cited in Maki et al. , 2009).Currently, the most effective treatment for obesity is a combination of reducing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure, yet the most popular treatment is pharmacotherapy (Auvichayapat et al. , 2008, Diepvens, Kovacs, Nijs, Vogels, Westerterp-Plantenga, 2005). Recently, researchers have found antiobesity effects in green tea (Maki et al. , 2009). The objective of this term paper is to depict the claim of green tea and its effectiveness on weight loss in overweight and obese adults. Review of the Literature Overweight and Obese and Weight LossThe basic reasoning of overweight and obese individuals is an imbalance between energy consumption and energy expenditure (Diepvens et al. , 2005). To achieve weight loss, a negative energy balance must occur and can be achieved by decreased energy consumption or increased energy expenditure (Auvichayapat et al. , 2008; Diepvens et al. , 2005). Genetics may also be linked to obesity in several ways. Genetics may be associated with susceptibility to fat storing and the controllability of food intake (as cited in Shepherd, 2009).It has been inferred that green tea may reduce body weight and increase satiety which will positively effect body composition (Auvichayapat et al. , 2008; Diepvens et al. , 2005; Maki et al, 2008; Nagao et al. , 2005). Components of Green Tea Green tea contains two major active ingredients which may be contributed to combating obesity: catechin and caffeine (Auvichayapat et al. , 2008; Diepvens et al. , 2005). Research has suggested that green tea catechins block the enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase, thereby stimulating the sympathetic nervous system (Auvichayapat et al. 2008; Belza et al. , 2009). The stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system may be responsible for increased thermogenesis, fat oxidation and satiety (Auvichayapat et al. , 2008; Belza et al. , 2009). Green tea catechins may also contribute to increased antioxidant, antiviral, antiplaque-forming, anticancer activities, and decreased blood pressure and total cholesterol (as cited in Nagao et al. , 2005). Research has suggested that caffeine may promote thermogenesis and fat oxidation that positively affect body composition (Auvichayapat et al. , 2008; Belza et al. 2009; Diepvens et al. , 2005). Caffeine obstructs the degeneration of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate, leading to increased norepinephrine release (Auvichayapat et al. , 2008). The increased norepinephrine may lead to thermogenesis and may enhance satiety (Auvichayapat et al. , 2008). Effects of Catechin and Caffeine Supplementation on Overweight and Obese Adults Maki et al. (2009) conducted a study to investigate whether green tea catechin intake increased exercise-induced abdominal adiposity loss in overweight and obese adults in the United States. The researchers supported previous claims of green tea catechins’ positive effect on general weight loss, but further investigation was needed to conclude that green tea catechin consumption has a positive effect on body composition and abdominal adiposity. The study was a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial that took place in two clinical research sites – Bloomington, Indiana and St. Petersburg, Florida. The male and female participants were of good general health and sedentary.The participants were between the ages of 21 and 65, had a waist circumference of 87 centimeters or greater (women) or 90 centimeters or greater (men), and a total cholesterol of 5. 2 mmol/L or greater. Participates agreed to consume no more than two caffeinated drinks a day and avoid medication or supplements that contained caffeine or catechin. The eligible participants were randomly assigned a beverage of catechins (625 mg) or a control beverage (0 mg) per day. Both the catechin and control beverage contained the same amount of carbohydrates, sodium, as well as caffeine (39 mg).Since this was a double-blind trial the eligible participants and staff were unaware of the assigned beverages. The eligible participants were asked to maintain caloric consumption, and required to increase their activity level by attending three, one-hour supervised exercise sessions a week for a total of 12 weeks. The Maki et al. (2009) study yielded 107 participates that completed the entire trial and met the set requirements. The average age of the participants was 48 years, about one-half were males (catechin, 49. 2%; control, 55. %), and most participants were of non-Hispanic white ethnicity (91%). Maki et al. (2009) found that the catechin group experienced (P = 0. 079) a greater loss of body weight than the control group at week 12. This supports results of other trials (Auvichayapat et al. , 2008; Belza et al. , 2009; Nagao et al. , 2005). The results of the Maki et al. (2009) study showed no difference in percentage changes in fat mass (P = 0. 208) or intra-abdominal fat area (P = 0. 125). However, total abdominal adipose area (P = 0. 013) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose area (P = 0. 19) decreased at week 12 (Maki et al. , 2009). Maki et al. (2009) concluded that catechins (625 mg/day) may have positive effects on exercised-induced loss of abdominal adiposity. Auvichayapat et al. (2008) conducted a randomized, controlled, experimental study to investigate green tea and its effectiveness on weight loss in obese Thais. The study included 60 Thai participates who were between the ages of 40 and 60 and had a body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or greater. Forty-two participates were females and 18 were males.The participants were required to have good health history with no current or prior metabolic or systemic diseases and not currently taking prescribed medication. The participants were randomized into two groups, a green tea group and a placebo group. The participants in the green tea group consumed a 250 mg green tea (100 mg catechin) tablet after breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The participants in the placebo group also received a tablet after breakfast, lunch, and dinner containing cellulose which was identical in appearance to the green tea tablets.The participants’ heights were determined by the use of a wall-mounted ruler and body weight was determined by the use of a digital scale. Body mass index was calculated by body weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared. Body fat percentage was measured by the use of a calibrated skinfold calipers. The sum of the triceps, subscapular, and iliac skinfolds were compared based on sex and age from the Jackson study to determine body fat percentage (as cited in Auvichayapat et al. , 2008). Resting energy expenditure was measured by the use of the Douglas bag system by indirect calorimetry (as cited in Auvichayapat et al. 2008). The air expired by the participants were analyzed by a computerized data acquisition system from which resting energy expenditure were calculated with the use of Weir’s formula (Auvichayapat et al. , 2008). Body mass index, body fat percentage, and resting energy expenditure were measured at baseline, and during the fourth, eighth and twelfth weeks of the study. In comparison, the green tea treatment group exhibited a significant difference (P lt; 0. 05) in weight loss during the eighthand twelfth weeks of the study as compared to the placebo treatment group.Auvichayapat et al. (2008) concluded that green tea can increase energy expenditure and therefore increase weight loss in obese Thais. Nagao et al. (2005) conducted a random, double-blind, controlled, experimental 12-week study to examine the effects of catechins on body fat loss. The researchers included 25 healthy Japanese men between the ages of 24 and 46 who ranged from normal to overweight according to body mass index (as cited in Nagao et al. , 2005). The 25 participants were randomly placed into two groups, a catechins group (n = 17) and a placebo group (n = 18).The requirements for the individuals were to consume 90% of the calculated energy intake requirement, to withhold from consuming large amounts of catechins, polyphenols, or caffeine, and to maintain their current level of exercise. Anthropometric measurements and computed tomography were administered by trained physicians at baseline and every four weeks thereafter for the 12-week study. Waist circumference was measured at the umbilical level while the participants were standing in accordance with the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity (Nagao et al. , 2005).The participants’ body fat ercentages were measured by the use of a bioimpedance analyzer and skinfold caliper method. Body fat percentage and lean body mass were derived from the ratio of total body weight to body fat. The skinfold caliper method utilized measurements at the lower end of the scapula and the intermediate region on the lateral side of the arm, and the sum of the two values were recorded. The measurement of fat was calculated by computed tomography. Computed tomography imaging was performed for visceral fat measurement by utilizing FAT SCAN software developed on the method developed by Tokunaga et al. as cited in Nagao et al. , 2005). The use of the FAT SCAN software, subcutaneous fat area and visceral fat area were obtained from abdominal computed tomography image. Subcutaneous fat area and visceral fat area were summed together to obtain the total fat area. The results of the Nagao et al. (2005) study showed that the reduction in waist circumference (P lt; 0. 01), skinfold measurements (P lt; 0. 05), and total fat area (P lt; 0. 05) was significantly greater in the catechin group (690 mg) than that of the placebo group.In conclusion, catechins (690 mg/day for 12 weeks) decrease total body fat and may be useful in preventing and combating obesity. Belza et al. (2009) conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled study consisting of 12 healthy and normal weight male participants (age: 23. 7,  ±2. 6 years). Each participant was instructed to maintain their daily dietary and physical activity habits throughout the study. The treatments being analyzed were in the form of tablets containing 500 mg green tea extract (125 mg catechins), 400 mg tyrosine, 50 mg caffeine, or placebo.Each treatment was separated by a minimum of three days. The main focus of Belza et al. (2009) was to examine the compounds tyrosine, green tea extract, and caffeine, and their individual effects on thermogenesis, appetite sensations, and ad libitum energy intake. A ventilated hood that was tested weekly to ensure reliability was used to assess resting metabolic rates of each participant. Participants were instructed to fast the evening prior to, as well as refrain from medication, alcohol, and strenuous physical activity 24 hours before respiratory assessments.A baseline respiratory measurement was acquired for each participant during the first 25 minutes of each assessment. The assessment then continued with 30-minute intervals in which respiratory measurements were recorded for a total of four hours. Each respiratory assessment for each individual was executed on the same time of day and on an identical schedule. The participants’ appetite sensations were analyzed using the Visual Analogue Scales which included subjective questions about sensations of hunger, satiety, prospective consumption, and fullness (Belza et al. 2009). Each participant completed the Visual Analogue Scales prior to the respiratory assessment to obtain a baseline measurement, and subsequently throughout the respiratory assessment. Another test each participant completed was the ad libitum meal. The participants were instructed to consume the ad libitum meal at a constant pace and to terminate consumption when satiety was reached. The amount of ad libitum meal consumed was used as the assessment of ad libitum energy intake. Belza et al. 2009) found that caffeine produced a thermogenic response of 6% above the baseline assessment as compared to the placebo (P lt; 0. 0001). No significant difference was found for thermogenic response with the tyrosine and green tea extract treatments as compared to the placebo (Belza et al. , 2009). Belza et al. (2009) stated that too small of a sample size was tested to conclude any appetite suppressant value of the treatments administered, and additional investigation with a large sample size is needed. Diepvens et al. 2005) administered a study to investigate the effects of green tea and a low-calorie diet on resting energy expenditure and body weight in overweight females. The researchers hypothesized that green tea would increase resting energy expenditure and decrease body weight. The study was an experimental, double-blind, parallel-design, placebo-controlled trial including 46 overweight females between the ages of 19 and 57 and a body mass index between 25 and 31 kg/m2. All participates were of good health and moderate caffeine-users (200-400 mg of caffeine a day).Two groups were randomly assigned to each treatment: a green tea treatment (n = 23) and a placebo treatment (n = 23). All 46 participants consumed a low-calorie diet consisting of 60% of estimated energy expenditure and consumed three tablets daily (9:00 a. m. , 1:00 p. m. , 6:00 p. m. ) of either placebo or green tea (75 mg caffeine, 375 mg catechins). Diepvens et al. (2005) utilized an open-circuit, ventilated-hood system to assess energy expenditure, as well as fat and carbohydrate oxidation.Anthropometric measurements were assessed using a digital balance (body weight) and a wall-mounted stadiometer (height). BMI was calculated by dividing body weight in kilograms by height (m) squared. Diepvens et al. (2005) concluded that there was not a significant difference between the green tea and placebo groups in reducing body weight. Diepvens et al. (2005) contributes the low thermogenic effectiveness of green tea to the low-caloric diet because of the reduction of sympathetic activity caused by the low-caloric diet.The reduced sympathetic activity reduces noradrenalin release which is partially responsible for thermogenesis (as cited in Diepvens et al. , 2005; Auvichayapat et al. , 2008). Summary In summary, the effects of green tea on weight loss may be attributed specifically to the catechins and caffeine, the active components of green tea. The researchers found that a positive correlation occurred between the consumption of green tea and energy expenditure, fat oxidation, total fat area loss and satiety which will contribute to the prevention and reduction of obesity.Although several studies found that there was not a significant difference in energy expenditure, fat oxidation, total fat area loss and satiety between the green tea and control groups, there was nevertheless a difference. Perhaps with the long term consumption of green tea, the benefit will be exponentially larger. It is beneficial to note that while the consumption of green tea is not a solution by itself, it can be used as part of the process for weight loss and optimizing health for currently overweight or obese adults.References Auvichayapat, P. Prapochanung, M. , Tunkamnerdthai, O. , Sripanidkulchai, B. , Auvichayapat, N. , Thinkhamrop, B. , †¦ Hongprapas, P. (2008). Effectiveness of green tea on weight reduction in obese Thais: A randomized, controlled trial. Physiology Behavior, 93(3), 486-491. doi:10. 1016/j. physbeh. 2007. 10. 009. Belza, A. , Toubro, S. , Astrup, A. (2009). The effect of caffeine, green tea and tyrosine on thermogenesis and energy intake. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63(1), 57-64. doi:10. 1038/sj. ejcn. 1602901. Diepvens, K. , Kovacs, E. M. R. , Nijs, I. M. T. Vogels, N. , Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. (2005). Effect of green tea on resting energy expenditure and substrate oxidation during weight loss in overweight females. British Journal of Nutrition, 94(6), 1026-1034. doi:10. 1079/BJN20051580 Maki, K. C. , Reeves, M. S. , Farmer, M. , Yasunaga, K. , Matsuo, N. , Katsuragi, Y. , †¦ Cartwright, Y. (2009). Green Tea Catechin Consumption Enhances Exercise-Induced Abdominal Fat Loss in Overweight and Obese Adults. Journal of Nutrition, 139(2), 264-270. doi:10. 3945/jn. 108. 098293. Nagao, T. , Komine, Y. , Soga, S. Meguro, S. , Hase, T. , Tanaka, Y. , Tokimitsu, I. (2005). Ingestion of a tea rich in catechins leads to a reduction in body fat and malondialdehyde-modified LDL in men. Am J of Clin Nutr, 81(1), 122-129. Retrieved from http://www. ajcn. org. libaccess. sjlibrary. org/cgi/reprint/81/1/122. pdf Shepherd, A. (2009). Obesity: prevalence, causes and clinical consequences. Nursing Standard, 23(52), 51-57. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. libaccess. sjlibrary. org/ehost/ pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=4hid=8sid=44d81a55-f6d5-40b7-808f-239f2569d782%40sessionmgr10 How to cite Green Tea and Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Adults, Papers

Australian Immigration Law Visa Termination

Question: Describe about the Australian Immigration Law for Visa Termination. Answer: If Lily wants to make an appeal against the pronouncement of the visa terminations which were made by the DIAC then she has an alternative to apply for an evaluation of the judgment at the Administrative Appeals Tribunal. The times within which she can file her appeal have been mentioned below, as in the Administrative Appeals Tribunal there have been very stringent time limitations. The applicant may apply for the evaluation within 9 days. The time limit of 9 days would be considered from the date the applicant got the notice of the verdict. If the Notice of Visa termination was posted to the applicant then the date which would be considered as notified for the verdict within 7 working days from the date on the notice as specified under section 68A of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act, 1975[1]; The applicant then have 9 days from the date the applicant was deemed to have been notified to file their request to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal. Similarly, if the applicant received the notice of Visa Termination by hand, fax or email then the date which was deemed to have been notified of the verdict was the day after it got handed, faxed or emailed to the applicant; The applicant has 9 days from the date he or she was deemed to have been notified to file his or her claim to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal. As per section 48 of the Migration Act, 1958[2] if a person does not hold a substantive visa, then this section would restrict a person from making a further substantive visa claim in the following situations: If since the applicant entered Australia, the applicant have filed a visa claim and this claim has been repudiated by DIAC, other than a rebuttal of a bridging visa or a denial under section 501, 501A or 501B of the Migration Act, 1958[3] for which the non-citizens had applied or; Held a visa that was refused under section 109, 116, 133A, etc. A substantive visa has been defined as any visa that was not the one of the following categories such as bridging visa; criminal justice vise; an enforcement visa. Under section 501E of the Migration Act, 1958[4] some other conditions have been mentioned defining the denial or annulment of visa restriction on applying for other visas. There have been certain exceptions to the claim of the section 48 of the Act. It has been affirmed that even of the applicant had a visa claim refusal or a visa termination, and then a person can still file a valid claim for the following kinds of visas such as partner visa, bridging visa, child visa etc. Therefore, as mentioned above that partner visa sub class 820 as mentioned in schedule 1 of the Migration Regulation Act, 1994[5] can be applied for even if a visa has been canceled previously. So, Lily in this case can file a partner visa even after termination of her visitor visa as per the exception of section 48[6]. Yes, Lily can plea against the discarded verdict of DIBP. Previously, the department which was accountable for hearing a plea against the Department verdict was either Migration Evaluation tribunal or the Refugee evaluation Tribunal depending on the character of the visa claim. But as of 2015, the MRT and the RRT were combined with the Administrative Appeals Tribunal under section 306 of the Migration Act, 1958.[7] Now the plea has been heard by the Migration and Refugee Division of the AAT. As mentioned earlier the time limit for the appeal to be filed for the letter measured was the time limit of 9 days which would be premeditated from the date, the applicant got the notice of the verdict. Similarly, If the Notice of Visa termination was positioned to the applicant then the date which would be measured as informed for the verdict within 7 working days from the date on the notice; The applicant then have 9 days from the date the applicant was deemed to have been notified to lodge their claim to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal. For the claim which has been filed, the standard applicable fee would be $861 if it was paid before 1st July 2016 and $884 if paid or after 1 July 2016. However, if the person meets the concessional requirements, this fee could be abridged to $100. And the present visa claim charge payable to the Department of Immigration and Border Protection was $6865 for a single claim. It has been specifically stated that if a child has been born to the applicant and her partner after she or he have applied for their partner visa then also the child would involuntarily been incorporated in the partner visa claim. However, she should write to the office dispensation to the claim to let them know that the child was been born and incorporated a certified copy of the birth certificate so that the verdict makers know that the child was also integrated in the visa claim. Therefore, it can be stated that the tribunal can consider the new development before making the verdict. Yes, Lily would get the refund of the fees which she paid as it has been clearly mentioned that if a person has paid a fee and the case was resolved in her favor, then the AAT would refund the most of the fee in most of the cases. References: (A) Legislation Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act 1975, Migration Act 1958 (Cth) Migration Regulation Act 1994 (Cth)

Thomas Paine, Common Sense and Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence

The Purpose and Function of Foil Characters

The Purpose and Function of Foil Characters Have you ever been reading a novel and find yourself wondering, â€Å"What’s eating this guy?† or, â€Å"Why doesn’t she just dump him?† More often than not, a â€Å"foil† character is the answer.      A foil character is any character in literature that, through his or her actions and words, highlights and directly contrasts the personal traits, qualities, values, and motivations of another character. The term comes from the old jewelers’ practice of displaying gemstones on sheets of foil to make them shine more brightly. Thus, in literature, a foil character literally â€Å"illuminates† another character. Uses of Foil Characters Authors use foils to help their readers recognize and understand the important qualities, characteristics, and motivations of the various characters: In other words, to explain why characters do what they do. Foils are sometimes used to explain the relationships between a plot’s â€Å"antagonist† and â€Å"protagonist† characters. A â€Å"protagonist† is the story’s main character, while an â€Å"antagonist† is the protagonist’s enemy or opponent. The antagonist â€Å"antagonizes† the protagonist.   For example, in the classic Lost Generation novel â€Å"The Great Gatsby,† F. Scott Fitzgerald uses narrator Nick Carraway as a foil to both protagonist Jay Gatsby, and Jay’s antagonist Tom Buchanan. In describing Jay and Tom’s contentious shared love for Tom’s trophy wife Daisy, Nick depicts Tom as an Ivy League-educated athlete who feels entitled by his inherited wealth. Nick is more at ease around Jay, who he describes as a man who â€Å"had one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sometimes, authors will use two characters as foils to each other. These characters are called â€Å"foil pairs.† For example, in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Julius Caesar,† Brutus  plays foil to Cassius, while Antony’s foil is Brutus.   Foil pairs are sometimes the story’s protagonist and antagonist, but not always. Again from the quill of Shakespeare, in â€Å"The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet,† while Romeo and Mercutio are best friends, Shakespeare writes Mercutio as Romeo’s foil. By poking fun at lovers in general, Mercutio helps the reader understand the depth of Romeo’s often illogically desperate love for Juliet. Why Foils Are Important Authors use foils to help readers recognize and understand the traits, attributes, and motivations of the other characters. Thus, readers who ask, â€Å"What makes him or her tick?† should be on the lookout for foil characters to get the answers. Non-Human Foils Foils are not always people. They may be animals, a structure, or  a subplot, a â€Å"story within a story,† that serves as a foil to the main plot.   In her classic novel â€Å"Wuthering Heights,† Emily Bronte uses the two neighboring houses: Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange as foils to each other to explain the events of the story. In chapter 12, the narrator describes Wuthering Heights as a house where : â€Å"There was no moon, and everything beneath lay in misty darkness: not a light gleamed from any house, far or near all had been extinguished long ago: and those at Wuthering Heights were never visible†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The description of Thrushcross Grange, in contrast to the Wuthering Heights, creates a calm and peaceful atmosphere. â€Å"Gimmerton chapel bells were still ringing; and the full, mellow flow of the beck in the valley came soothingly on the ear. It was a sweet substitute for the yet absent murmur of the summer foliage, which drowned that music about the Grange when the trees were in leaf.† The foils in these settings also help in the development of the foils in the characters, as the people from Wuthering Heights are unsophisticated, and are foils to those from Thrushcross Grange, who display a refined disposition. Classic Examples of Foil Characters In â€Å"Paradise Lost,† author John Milton creates perhaps the ultimate protagonist-antagonist foil pair: God and Satan. As the foil to God, Satan exposes both his own negative traits and God’s good traits. Through the comparisons exposed by the foil relationship, the reader comes to understand why Satan’s stubborn resistance to the â€Å"will of God† justifies his eventual expulsion from paradise. In the Harry Potter series, author J.K. Rowling uses Draco Malfoy as a foil to Harry Potter. Though both protagonist Harry and his antagonist Draco have been empowered by Professor Snape to â€Å"experience the essential adventures of self-determination,† their inherent qualities cause them to make different choices:  Harry chooses to oppose Lord Voldemort and the Death Eaters, whereas Draco eventually joins them. In summary, foil characters help readers to: Understand the traits and motivations - â€Å"axes to grind† - of other charactersTell good intentions from evil, strength from weakness,   or true ability from empty braggadocioUnderstand â€Å"who† protagonists and their antagonists are, and why they are enemies Perhaps most importantly, foils help readers decide how they â€Å"feel† about the characters.

Critically discuss the view that anti-globalisation arguments Essay - 7

Critically discuss the view that anti-globalisation arguments seriously undervalue the benefits that globalisation has delivered for all countries 02084 - Essay Example The concepts of globalization is supported by the long established concept of capitalization and on contrary to that the anti globalization movement is deeply against the existence and establishment of capitalization in the world irrespective of any of it’s from. At present, the escalating development and progress in international business, the trend of globalization at economical level is almost irreversible. This era is known as the era of global integration of economies which is growing quite swiftly. Where there are some benefits related with the advent of globalization, there are certain disadvantages which are prevailing in the world, redefining the social and cultural aspects of the world. Against which, there is a movement which support and advocates the concept of anti globalization (Petras, & Veltmeyer, 2001). The anti globalization is referred to as a disputed term which is related with the network of international social movement that has gained the attention of media after the protests against WTO (World Trade Organization) in Seatle. According to Britannica the term is neither completely reactive nor defensive. It is instead a proactive movement that advocates the global democracy and global justice. The main gist of anti globalization movement is to promote the democratic globalization or alternative globalization (Engler, 2007; Fuchs, n.d.). As the name suggests the movement opposed the globalization as well as the capitalism. The philosophy behind the anti globalization believes that the organizations and the individuals can attain the personal, social and economic objectives without creating adverse consequences for the society that are linked with capitalism (Tomlinson, 1999). The movement for anti globalization aim towards the efficiency of the economy and the decency of individuals being human in opposition to the prevailing corporate competition and

Feedback and Me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Feedback and Me - Essay Example For instance, if customers are not impressed with quality of service, this is the time to improve and appeal to the clientele (Friedrich, 2012). Feedback is critical in enhancing performance. Without feedback, it would not be easy for me to evaluate performance. How would I know whether I am on the right path? Feedback then becomes the best platform through which I gauge my performance (Sadri & Seton, 2011). I have been criticized severally, told that what I am doing is either right or wrong. Without feedback, there is no direction for my business; there is no reference point. I have had to change my business strategies based on the feedbacks I get from customers and employees. In other words, feedback is paramount for any business. A 360-degree evaluation, for instance, comes in handy in helping me to know what my seniors are thinking about my performance; what my junior are thinking about my performance; and what my peers are thinking about my services as well as leadership styles (Peepers, 2001). Such an assessment would help one to know the expectations of people and improve accordingly. Timely and effective communication is critical in performance management. When employees are given feedback on their progress at work, they will surely improve as nobody wants to fail (Namhata, 2011). In my many years of doing business (I run a food outlet in a busy street), I have learnt that feedback works best when it centers on a particular goal. To be on the safe side, I establish performance expectations of employees as well as goals. This enables me to get objective, tangible, and powerful feedback that helps to gauge future expectations. It also helps to alleviate conflicts between the workforce and me. I remember and instance when I told the workforce I work with that they had exceeded expectations. This was a way of telling them that they were effective and that they were doing such a wonderful job (Namhata, 2011). Feedback should be timely. Employees should

The Davao Death Squad

The Davao Death Squad Davao City would be a good example of an ideal city, a city that has been under the hands Mayor Duterte for about 10 yrs. Under his name, the Davao City has improved in terms of crime rates, discipline and other aspects. While he was the mayor of the city, it was said that he was involved in the death squad that was responsible for killings that was happening then. The Davao Death Squad is an active vigilante group in Davao City, Philippines. Reports have shown that they have been responsible for the summary killings that were happening in Davao City for the past few years. Reports said that they were responsible for executing drug traffickers and all criminal actions in Davao City. Rodrigo Duterte being the mayor at that time was a prime suspect of the death squad. He was said to be liable of the killings of the squad. Drug dealers, criminals with intense crime, and other illegal trading were assassinated. Many of the victims purportedly had criminal records, giving rise to suspicions that the so called Davao Death Squad were behind their deaths. If the Davao Death Squad would continue, crime rate would be lower, innocent lives would be protected, and the value of life would be strengthened. Counterclaims Promotes death penalty In fact, death penalty is a good way to control the crime rates and illegal transaction. If there is death penalty, there would be no death squad. Death squad aims to assassinate illegal citizens who commit crime in the city. If there is death penalty, the death squad would have no use because the death squad is promoting death penalty. So both are on the same side and are on the same page. Life is indeed precious, and I believe the death penalty helps to affirm that fact which makes the death squad in the same line with death penalty. Decline of Tourism Ever since the Davao Death Squad has been investigated, the tourism of Davao City was not affected. The Death Squad is not something that every tourist should know about Davao City. Davao City is well known for its peace and order. It is known to be in good hands of Mayor Duterte. If people would come visit Davao, theres nothing to worry about being assassinated by the Death Squad unless if that person is bringing illegal transaction in the city. Actually, it was stated that the tourism of Davao City has increased since 1998 to 2004. If the tourism of Davao would decrease, the death squad has nothing to do with it. The fact that the death squad promotes peace and order, it attracts tourist knowing that the city is safe from crime and illegal deals. Claim Controls the crime and illegal trading The Davao Death Squad has been active ever since the crime rate in Davao City was high. When the death squad became active in the community, criminal activities were less. Knowing that it terminates those who are involved in illegal transactions, it controls the crime and illegal transactions that are happening in Davao City. The death squad assassinates those who are poisoning the city with heavy crime and illegal activities With this kind of scheme, it alarms every citizen of Davao City to be aware of this vigilante group. Fear will help control crime and the illegal transactions of the city. Criminals would just continue to do their thing when sanction is very low like going to jail and still be released soon. The probability of the people to stop and to avoid illegal transactions would be high, knowing that they will be a target of assassination if they would ever proceed with illegal activities. If the death squad will be continued, it would intimidate the criminals and illegal sectors that are within the city thus it controls the crime. Claim Strengthens the value of life through serious justice It strengthens people in the notion that Davao is a city where justice is being taken seriously, however to an excessive point, some may argue. Human rights dont necessarily stand for peace. The death squad only takes down the social deviants. As stated in the reports, the killings of the death squad where all criminal suspects that were involved in a major issue. The individual criminals were just taken to jail, but once an individual is making a lot of mess in the society as a whole, knowing that theyll just get out of jail and do evil things all over again, will be assassinated. Justice is what every city aims to have but justice can never be taken seriously with no serious punishments that would abolish the crimes and illegal entries. Mayor Duterte remains to be a powerful figure of Davao city. He aims to have peace and order in the city. Sources have stated that other higher officials have agreed that Duterte has improved the peace and order of the city in his hands. Nobody knows if he is involved in the death squad but what we know is the death squad has helped Duterte improve the peace of the city. Mayor Duterte explained his perspective in an interview that if you are doing an illegal activity in the city, if you are a criminal or part of a syndicate that preys on the innocent people of the city, for as long as he is the mayor, you are a legitimate target of assassination. Whoever is behind all this, or if it may really be Mayor Duterete, he is justifiable in his conquest for peace. It strengthens the value of life because it has a higher regard for the value of a persons life. Nothing would intimidate the criminals, no other than the death squad. It is similar to how the penalty goes if a person commits a crime. It is by stating the highest penalty for committing a major crime like, taking away of human life, that we establish the highest value of human life. Claim Protects innocent lives There was a woman who works at a gym as a trainer. One early morning, she was walking her way to work when she walked by a small street at the corner, she passed by a small store where there were groups of men who were drunk. The woman was abused with the drunken men. She was then stabbed many times until the woman lost her life. The next week, the drunken men were reported to be assassinated by the death squad. If the drunken men were not put to death by the death squad, it is not an assurance that those men would not kill an innocent life again. Once someone is involved in a serious crime, theres always a time when they will do it again. Innocent lives are at risk if these criminals are outside claiming to be innocent. If guilty lives are being protected, we are bringing innocent lives in the line. If these criminals are put to jail, knowing that they did a serious criminal once, great chance is that theyll do it again after being set out of jail. If these criminals are put to death, there is this assurance that they wont do the same mistake again. First of all, there would be no death squad if crime was taken seriously in the society. Sad to hear that the justice system of a society fails to function which results to the death squad. It could be possible that the public is no longer satisfied with the security system of the city. One of the best ways to guarantee the protection that a society would want is to give surety that convicted murders do not slaughter again. VI. Conclusion Although some may argue that the Davao Death Squad is immoral, they should face the fact that it promotes serious justice and peace in the city. The death squad remains to be a powerful tool in controlling crime, strengthening the value of life, and protecting innocent lives. The death squad has been proven to control the crime rates in the city. It shows that the city does not promote illegal transaction within the borders of the society. There is a higher probability that criminals would get intimidated of the death squad that would avoid them from doing crime. The death squad strengthens the value of life through serious justice. It gives a higher regard for the value of a persons life. By means of stating the highest penalty for committing a serious crime, we establish the highest value of human life. The death squad shuts down criminals to protect innocent lives from harm. It gives that assurance that these criminals will not kill again. The Davao Death squad would have a big im pact in promoting peace and order of Davao City.

Adhd and Sleep Patterns

ADHD and Sleep Patterns The purpose of this research is to explore the sleep patterns of children with ADHD symptoms that have been reported by parents. The hypothesis according to O’Brien et al. (2003, p. 334) is that â€Å"domains of neurobehavioral function would be selectively affected by sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). † The null hypothesis according to this research is that multiple sleep disorders are more relevant in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, symptoms. Some of the disorders are: obstructive sleep apnea, snoring, spontaneous arousals, rapid eye movement, and periodic limb movements. Data Collection The data used for this research was collected by O’Brien et al. (2003) using various methods. Questionnaires were distributed to the parents who were enrolling children into first grade. Out of the 11,983 surveys distributed, a total of 5,728 usable responses were available to sample, a total of 47. 6%. From these samples, the researchers found that 11. % of the children were reported snore often, and 7. 3% of those children who snored were reported by parents to have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. O’Brien et al. (2003) selected 83 children whose parents had reported them to show symptoms of ADHD to receive a sleep evaluation in a medical center, along with a control sample of 34 children with no reported signs of ADHD. After conducting the sleep tests, O’Brien et al. (2003) reported that 5% of â⠂¬Å"children with significant ADHD symptoms, and 7% of children with mild symptoms† (p. 57) had high periodic limb movements. It was also found that rapid eye movement was more prevalent in the high-symptom ADHD group. According to the study, â€Å"5% of children with significant ADHD symptoms, and 26% of those with mild symptoms† had indications of sleep apnea (O’Brien, 2003, p. 554). Conclusion According to research, children with many ADHD symptoms are no more at risk for rapid eye movement during sleep than children with no ADHD symptoms. Research also confirms that children with ADHD symptoms have a higher risk for other sleep disorders. This research cannot confirm that children with ADHD have higher rates of periodic limb movement. O’Brien et al. states â€Å"an unusually high prevalence of OSA was found† in children with ADHD (p. 561). O’Brien et al. (2003) rejected the null hypothesis of children with ADHD having a higher risk of all possible sleep disorders. Research has validated that children with ADHD have a higher risk of some sleep disorders but not all. More studies need to be done on children who have been medically diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder to evaluate any sleep disorders better. Reference O'Brien, L. , Holbrook, C. , Klaus, C. , Bruner, J. , Wang, M. , Tuell, A. , et al. (2003). Sleep and Neurobehavioral Characteristics of 5- to 7-Year-Old Children With Parentally Reported Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Pediatrics, 111(3), 554. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.

Ready To Eat Breakfast Cereal Industry Essay

Restrained competition amongst themselves through â€Å"unwritten agreements† to limit the in-pack premiums (free toys, gifts, e tc) -Refrain from trade dealing-offering discounts to retailers for special treatment or special promotions -Refrained from widespread fortification of their brands because it was believed to not be in the long run interests of the industry (vitamin fortification) FTC also argued the big three took specific actions to make new entry ventures unprofitable -prevented entry into the RTE cereal industry by encouraging super markets and other retailers to adopt a shelf space plan that ensured the big threes products received the most valued center aisle position Caught off guard with the introduction of natural cereal brands Industry environment in the 1990’s Technology Processes utilized in creation of many children’s cereals took substantial engineering expertise and production experience to master. -Standard plant was estimated to req. a capacity of 75 million pounds per year to achieve minimum efficient scale -employed 125 people -req. capital in excess of 100 million -a singly plant could produce many brands of cereal because the main source of scale economies was in bagging -Spent about 1% of gross sales on R&D (slightly higher than the food industry average) 2 PROBLEMS that have persisted over the 100 years of making cereal 1. It was difficult to keep cereal crispy in milk, and in cereals like Raisin Bran, the flakes tended to become soggy in the box because they absorbed the moisture of the fruit 2. NOT easy to combine things with varying water activity characteristics a. A typical solution to this problem was to coat the fruit with a thin layer of fat to trap the moisture thus preventing the flakes from getting soggy in the box Even tried to alter the shape of the cereal to prevent mild absorption and preserved the crispiness Distribution Prime shelf space and its importance! -Slotting Allowance: securing shelf space for a new brand required pmt to grocers -larger cereal firms had more flexibility than new entrants in shuffling their allocation of space among brands(sometimes replacing a failed brand with a new introduction) Introduction of supercenters-Large 125,000 sq. foot stores that combined a supermarket, a general discount retailer, and specialty retailers under one roof They really increased non-supermarket sales of food from 5% in 1993 to 20% by 2000 Supercenters helped shelf space! Significantly less entrenches than in supermarkets and thus allowing start-up value oriented brands to obtain a market presence AND†¦..DID NOT require slotting allowances INTERESTING FACT- Big three accounted for 75.6% of sales in food stores, they only had a 41.3% mkt share in mass merchandisers Advertising, Promotions and Pricing Advertising/ sales ratio fell from 1960s. Especially intense though around a new product introduction RTE cereal industry historically had rounds of price increases usually initiated by Kellogg and then followed by other manufacturers of branded cereals Known as the process of â€Å"price up and spend back† In addition to being amongst most advertising intensive industry, the RTE cereal industry was the top issuer of coupons -Coupon use grew a lot, by 1994 the average value of redeemed coupons had climbed to 87 cents In addition to coupons, other forms of trade promotions were become prevalent such as: -per case discounts to retailers and cash payments for special in store promotions and cooperative advertising, -Buy One Get One promotions-one of the most costly -Might gain 2-3% market share with aggressive price promotion for value sensitive customers -Neither coupons nor forms of trade promotions were believed to stimulate the total cereal demand dramatically -mostly led to stock piling and brand switching by customers -price promotion spiral drove RTE cereal prices up 15.6%! From 1990-1993 -development of new brand took 2-4 years on average and expenditure of 5-10 MM -Brand extensions perceived to be more likely to succeed than new brands and thought to offer economies of scale in advertising and were technologically simpler to develop and produce because the basic process was already in use -Rapid innovation and introduction of new cereal brands led to increased product failure Co-branded cereal in 1994 was very popular -Several companies also attempted to extend the reach of RTE cereal into snack food Competition Kellogg was the clear leader with 35.2% mkt share in 1993 -Had great diverse assortment of products (toaster pastries with pop tarts, frozens waffles with eggos, and granola bars

Music Has An Acute Effect On People - 1436 Words

Music has an acute effect on people. It has the power and versatility to make people feel contempt and miserable. This versatility makes it popular among people, as there are a wide variety of moods displayed in music that can reflect the listeners well being. Jazz has been an extremely popular form of music throughout time. Its interesting melodies and meaningful lyrics give voice to artists to display their emotions through beauteous music. During its heyday in the 1920’s, jazz singing was a landscape of the American sound (Carr 9). Being a jazz singer, Billie Holiday deserves to be put on the list of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. Not only for her being in the general population of influential jazz musicians, but†¦show more content†¦Holidays voice influenced jazz world, by widening the spectrum of what jazz could be, thus opening jazz up to more vocal types. This influence revolutionized jazz singing by bringing a fresh voice to a world of ja zz that was still growing in the 1920’s. Holiday had a superiority of skill level to other jazz singers in the 1920’s, so it is unquestionable that the influence of her distinct voice reached many, as her fame allowed her to. Holiday had a keen effect on her masses as her â€Å"exceptional voice made her audience connect with her and feel a certain way about her that no one else could match. Her haunting, sometimes even eerie sound had a mysterious effect on her audiences†¦ In her small pretty voice, capable of creating new, blue sounding melodies, they heard the sound of nostalgia- a longing for missed opportunities, and lost love† (Gourse Billie 14). Holiday was far more than a singer, she was a common person. She had both woes and triumphs, as all people do, and she did not hide that in her voice. Holiday used her distinctly haunting voice to lure one in to listen, and once they were listening, they saw their own struggles in her melodies. By doing this, Holiday connected with her audience and portrayed her humanity to them. The distinct vocal cues, a grunt or a moan, could be all that an